# 1. AeroGCS ORANGE User Manual "Unlocking Horizons with AeroGCS ORANGE: Elevate Your Drone Missions, Redefine Precision Planning!" Welcome to the world of AeroGCS ORANGE—an indispensable tool reshaping how professionals and enthusiasts approach drone mission planning. This comprehensive user manual introduces you to the cutting-edge features of AeroGCS ORANGE, a dynamic software meticulously designed for drone users, supporting autopilots like Ardupilot. **Overview:** AeroGCS ORANGE is a user-friendly yet powerful drone management and mission planning software. This manual serves as your guide to harnessing the full potential of AeroGCS ORANGE, empowering you to easily streamline flight missions. **Key Features :** **Effortless Mission Planning**: Simplify your mission planning with AeroGCS ORANGE's wizard-driven design, saving time and increasing convenience. **Automated Cloud-based Logs**: Enjoy automated flight logs securely stored in the cloud. Access your flight data anytime, anywhere, ensuring compliance adherence and precise mission analysis. **Local Compliance and Analysis**: Ensure adherence to local regulations with analytical capabilities for accurate mission assessment and insights, fostering compliance and effective decision-making. **Promoting Greener Practices**: AeroGCS ORANGE facilitates sustainable surveying practices, contributing to precise data collection for environmental research and land management. **Advanced Connectivity**: AeroGCS ORANGE directly connects handheld instruments and drones, simplifying piloting processes and ensuring a user-friendly experience. AeroGCS ORANGE is not just software; it's a catalyst for harmonizing user-friendliness and power in mission planning. Whether you're a seasoned pilot or just starting this user manual is your go-to resource to optimize your drone operations and contribute to greener and healthier practices in the drone landscape. Your mission planning journey begins here. # 2. Introduction "Navigate the Skies with AeroGCS ORANGE: Precision Redefined, Efficiency Perfected – Where Substance Dispensation Meets Seamless Innovation!" Welcome to AeroGCS ORANGE, your trusted companion in the realm of drone mission planning and control, specially tailored for precision substance dispensation in land surveying and applications. In this innovative landscape, AeroGCS ORANGE takes center stage, revolutionizing traditional methods and ushering in a new era of efficiency and precision. ### **2.1 Evolving Land Surveying and Substance Application** Traditional labor-intensive methods have undergone a transformative shift in land surveying and substance application, where precision is paramount. Automated dispensers, a game-changing innovation, have redefined efficiency, surpassing the capabilities of conventional tools. Tasks such as strategic substance distribution, material enhancement, and process expediting now benefit from advanced systems. ### **2.2 The Challenge of Economic Efficiency and Precision** Balancing economic efficiency with precision has been a longstanding challenge, now addressed through significant advancements in dispensing techniques. Advanced dispensing systems, often deployed by precise machinery or drones, represent a transformative leap in substance distribution, residue reduction, and real-time, cost-effective application—an approach embraced by the precision surveying movement. ### **2.3 AeroGCS Orange: Precision at Its Core** At the forefront of this revolution is AeroGCS ORANGE, meticulously designed for the precise dispensation of substances. Operating seamlessly on the Windows platform, it empowers users with the convenience of planning and executing missions on Windows devices. ### **2.4 Key Features** * **Precise Boundarie**s: Ensure accurate substance distribution without encroaching on neighboring areas. * **Flight Continuity**: Ensure precise flight path tracking and seamless mission continuation. * **Cloud-Enabled Mission Planning**: Design and implement missions seamlessly in the cloud. * **Simplified Reporting**: Streamline the generation and sharing of mission reports for efficient communication. * **Optimized Resource Utilization**: Strive for maximized efficiency in resource utilization. ### **2.5 AeroGCS ORANGE: Leading the Evolution** The fusion of cutting-edge technology and precision practices has revolutionized the landscape of substance distribution and surveying. AeroGCS ORANGE stands as a leader in this evolution, offering a robust set of features to transform applications, ensuring precision alongside heightened efficiency. # 3. Getting Started "Ignite Your Skies: Start Your AeroGCS ORANGE Journey Today – Install, Configure, Soar!" Welcome to the world of AeroGCS ORANGE—an innovative ground control station software for unrivaled drone mission planning and execution. Before you soar into the skies with AeroGCS ORANGE, ensure your system meets the specified requirements for a seamless and efficient experience. # 3.1 . System Requirements ### 3.1 . System Requirements Get ready to elevate your drone missions with AeroGCS ORANGE. First, check your system compatibility for a smooth experience. See the minimum and recommended hardware and software requirements below, ensuring your setup aligns perfectly with the power of AeroGCS Orange. Let's dive in! #### 3.1.1 Hardware Requirements
HardwareMinimumRecommended
CPUx-64 based i3 7020U @2.4GHz (or higher for 60-FPS UI)x-64 based i5 @1.9GHz
HDD20GB30GB
RAM4GB8GB
GraphicsInternal graphicsIntel or NVIDIA graphics of 1GB RAM
PortsUSB2.0USB2.0
#### 3.1.2 Windows Systems | Software | Minimum | Recommended | | -------------------- | ------------------------------------------------ | ----------------------------------- | | OS | Windows 7, Windows 8/8.1, Windows 10, Windows 11 | Windows 11 | | Network Connectivity | LAN or Wifi | LAN or WiFi | | Screen Resolution | 1366x768 or 1920x1080 | 1366x768 with Landscape orientation | Prepare your system for the future of drone mission control with AeroGCS ORANGE! # 3.2. Getting Your AeroGCS ORANGE Software #### 3.2.1. AeroGCS ORANGE For Windows To install AeroGCS ORANGE on your Windows operating system, head over to . Click the '**Try Now**' button, following the guidance in the provided screenshot.

Download AeroGCS ORANGE

Get ready to experience the power of AeroGCS ORANGE with just a few clicks! # 3.3. Installing and Configuring AeroGCS ORANGE Software A Step-by-Step Guide Ready to elevate your drone operations? Discover the seamless installation and configuration process of AeroGCS ORANGE. Unleash the full potential of your drone missions with confidence by following our detailed guide. ### 3.3.1 Installing AeroGCS ORANGE on Windows: A Simple Guide You've acquired AeroGCS ORANGE and are set for take-off. Follow these steps for a smooth installation on your Windows system and get ready to explore the skies: **Step 1**: Locate Your Downloaded AeroGCS ORANGE Software Head to your "Downloads" folder or the directory where you saved the AeroGCS ORANGE software. **Step 2**: Launch the Installer Find the "AeroGCSOrange\_setup.exe" file. Double-click on "AeroGCSOrange\_setup.exe" to launch the installer. **Step 3**: Follow On-Screen Instructions The installer will open a setup wizard. Follow on-screen instructions and accept any terms or agreements if prompted. **Step 4**: Choose Installation Settings Depending on the installer, adjust settings like installation directory or shortcuts according to your preferences. **Step 5**: Installation Progress The installer will begin, and you might see a progress bar. **Step 6**: Completion Once done, a confirmation message appears. You may have the option to launch AeroGCS Orange immediately or find it in your Start Menu or on your desktop. **Step 7**: Launch AeroGCS ORANGE If not launched automatically, open it from your chosen location. Congratulations! AeroGCS ORANGE is now successfully installed on your Windows system. ### 3.3.2 Activating AeroGCS ORANGE Upon successfully installing AeroGCS ORANGE on your device, the initial step is to activate the software before you can commence using it. Follow the steps below to activate AeroGCS ORANGE, including the process of obtaining the license key via email: **Step 1**:- Launch the AeroGCS ORANGE application on your previously installed device. The screen displayed on your device will appear as follows:

Activating AeroGCS ORANGE

On this screen, you will encounter three options: the first one identified as “**OEM**”, the second option named "**Get 15-day Trial**," and the third option “**Already have trial license key**”. **Step 2**:- In case you don't possess the license key, acquiring a new one is simple. Click on the " Get 15-day Trial " button on the screen. Post clicking, the subsequent screen will be presented on your device display.

Get License Key

Input the email address where you want to receive the license key for your AeroGCS ORANGE, as indicated in the previous screen. Click the "**Get license key**" button to initiate the process. Your device display will then show the message "License Sent" to the specified email, as shown in the following screen.

License Key Sent To e-mail id

Select the "**OK**" button to proceed to the next step of entering the license key. {% hint style="success" %} **Note**: Verify your email inbox for the license key. {% endhint %} **Step 3**:- Input your email ID and the received license key, as demonstrated in the following screen, to activate your AeroGCS ORANGE product.

License Activation

After entering all the necessary details, such as your email ID and license key, click on the **"Activate"** button to continue. If you want to return to the previous screen, use the **"Back"** button. Upon successful activation of your AeroGCS ORANGE product, a message will appear on your screen saying **"License Activated Successfully".** In the case of invalid or previously used license details, the screen will display an appropriate message accordingly. {% hint style="info" %} **Note:** If user encounter any issues during the activation process, such as a system crash, power outage, or accidental back button press, you may be prompted to enter your email address to receive a new license key. In this case, you can still activate AeroGCS ORANGE by using the following steps: 1. Click the "**Already have trial license key**" option. 2. Enter the license key you previously received. 3. Proceed with the activation process as usual. This will allow user to complete the activation even if you were unable to finish the initial process. {% endhint %} **Step 4**:- After activating your AeroGCS ORANGE application, you should see the following screen on your device display if your product has been successfully activated.

Home Screen

When this vibrant screen graces your device display, consider it the green light to dive into the world of AeroGCS ORANGE. Your journey to harnessing its power begins now—get ready to soar! # 4. Dashboard on Home Screen "AeroGCS ORANGE Dashboard: Navigate Precision, Command Control, Soar in Confidence!" **Step into the AeroGCS ORANGE Dashboard** – Your Command Center for Precision. Connect your drone seamlessly to unlock a world of controls and real-time insights. Unleash the power of intuitive user interaction and dynamic information display, setting the stage for an unparalleled mission planning experience. After logging in and connecting your drone, simplify operations with easy shortcuts. Explore a variety of options displayed on the dashboard, as shown in the accompanying image.

Dashboard

This dynamic screen not only showcases vital details on the top bar but also presents simple configuration options. Click on the three vertical dots at the top right corner to explore easy configurations. Click on the three lines at the top left corner for a seamless experience—create new projects or delve into existing ones with their essential details. Your gateway to efficient project management unfolds, as outlined in the following. 1. **Project Menu** :- Click here to see your current projects and create new ones with a simple "+" option. Easily search for a specific project using the text field. Simplify your project management experience. 2. **Weather** **:-**Click here to see Weather details for connected drone locations. 3. **Starting Point** :- This marks the starting point for initiating project creation and utilizing AeroGCS ORANGE. 4. **Battery Voltage** :- This widget displays the essential battery voltage, crucial for monitoring drone battery levels during flights. 5. **Signal Strength** :- This widget indicates the signal strength between the RC and the drone, represented as a percentage. 6. **Battery Consumption** :- This widget displays information on the current in amperes and the battery consumption during flight. 7. **GPS satellites** :- This widget offers details on the count of connected GPS satellites and their corresponding HDOP (Horizontal Dilution of Precision) value. 8. **Operational Mode and Status** :- This widget furnishes information about the operational mode and status of the drone. 9. **Three Dots** **:-** By tapping the three dots, you gain access to the following listed options. **i**. **Cloud Sync**:- This option enables you to synchronize your projects with the Aeromegh Cloud, provided you have an Aeromegh Cloud subscription. **ii**. **Notifications**:- This option grants you access to view all logs, flight logs, and warnings, accompanied by a "Download" option for easy retrieval. **iii**. **General Settings**:- In the general settings, you can access Aeromegh login, unit configurations, and view your user profile. **iv**. **Teams**:- The Teams feature enables you to manage user access to plans according to the manager's specifications. **v**. **Settings**:- This option enables us to perform RPA Configurations, encompassing Sensors, Safety, RC Calibration, Flight Modes, Camera, and Joystick Settings. **vi**. **Weather**:- This option provides you with weather information for the set location for the next 7 hours. **vii**. **Connect /** **Disconnect**:- These options switch based on the drone's connection status. If the drone is not connected, you'll see the "**Connect**" option for establishing a connection with the GCS. On the other hand, if the drone is already connected, the "**Disconnect**" option appears, allowing you to disconnect the drone from the GCS. **viii**. **Data Verification**:- This option enables data verification based on various parameters. **ix**. **About**:- The "**About**" section displays information regarding the build number, copyright details, website, email, license key, terms of use, code checksum, and data checksum. **x**. **Exit**:- This option will close the application and exit. # 5. Home Menu "Elevate your drone operations with AeroGCS ORANGE's intuitive menu—your gateway to seamless control and precision in every flight." This menu is your go-to for exploring various functions and options. It's your hub for navigating through different features in AeroGCS ORANGE. Just click on the three dots at the top right of your screen to open this menu. It's right there for easy access! This menu includes the options displayed in the image below.

Settings

Let us see each menu option one by one. 1. **Cloud Sync** :- When you click on the cloud sync option in the menu, it triggers the synchronization of all your projects and plans with the server. This seamless process ensures that your projects or plans in AeroGCS ORANGE are automatically updated on the AeroMegh website under your user account. 2. **Notifications** :- When you click on the Notification option in the menu, it opens up a window where you can conveniently view logs, flight logs, and warnings. Additionally, the screen provides a download button, allowing you to easily download the necessary logs. 3. **General Settings** :- Clicking on General Settings opens a window displaying information related to Aeromegh Login, weather settings, unit settings, and user profile. **i.** **Aeromegh Login**:- This option enables you to log in to your Aeromegh Account by entering your associated username and password. If already logged in, it will display your email ID, subscription details, and the expiration date of your subscription plan. **ii. Unit Settings**:- In this section, change the units for distance, area, speed, and temperature, and witness the instant application-wide updates. Additionally, you can change the status of the in-flight voice assistant using the provided toggle button according to your preference. **iii. User Profile**:- In this section, you'll find details about the user, including first name, last name, email ID, and phone number. 4. **Teams :-** This option provides you with the flexibility to manage your team by granting access to projects and their data based on requirements and managerial decisions. 5. **Settings :-** This option grants you access to configure various settings related to GCS and drone, including sensors, safety settings, RC calibration, flight mode, camera, and joystick settings. 6. **Wheather** -Clicking on this will display a window presenting the current/today's weather conditions for the next 7 hours in the selected location within the weather settings. 7. **Connect/Disconnect :-** These options switch based on the drone's connection status. If the drone is not connected, you'll see the "Connect" option for establishing a connection with the GCS. On the other hand, if the drone is already connected, the "Disconnect" option appears, allowing you to disconnect the drone from the GCS. 8. **Data verification :-** By clicking on this, you can upload data/images for verifications related to GCP, geo-tagging, image quality, and more, and analyze them. 9. **About** :- Selecting this option will open a window containing details about the AeroGCS ORANGE product, encompassing information about the build number, copyright, website, email, license key, terms of use, code checksum, and data checksum. 10. **Exit** :- Clicking on this will close the application and exit. # 6. General Settings "Customize AeroMegh: Aeromegh Login, weather, units, and user profile at your fingertips." The **General Settings** section allows you to manage your **Aeromegh account**, adjust **unit preferences**, and view **your user profile**. This guide will help you navigate through these options effortlessly.

General Settings

## 6.1 Aeromegh Login ### 6.1.1 What it Does Allows you to log in to your Aeromegh account and access your subscription details and cloud features. ### 6.1.2 Steps 1. Click on **Aeromegh Login.** 2. Enter your **username and password.** 3. Click **Add Account** to access your account.

AeroMegh Login

### 6.1.3 After Login Once logged in, you can view: * Your **Email ID** * Subscription details * Subscription expiry date

After Login

You can Log out by clicking on the “Logout” button. ## 6.2 User Profile ### 6.2.1 What it Does Displays your **personal details**, such as your **name**, **phone number**, and **email address**.. ### 6.2.2 Steps 1. Click on **User Profile.** 2. View your details, including: * **First** **Name** and **Last Name** * **Phone Number** * **Email ID**

User Profile

### 6.2.3 Editing Your Profile To update your profile, visit: 👉 [https://services.automegh.com](https://services.aeromegh.com/login) ## 6.3 Unit Settings ### 6.3.1 What it Does Allows you to customise how **distance, area, speed, and temperature** are displayed in the app. ### 6.3.2 Steps 1. Click on **Unit Settings.** 2. Select your preferred units: * **Distance**: Metres (m), Kilometres (km), etc. * **Area**: Square Metres (m²), Square Feet (ft²), and Square Kilometers etc. * **Speed**: Metres per second (m/s). * **Temperature**: Celsius (°C), Fahrenheit (°F), etc. 3. Click on “**Update**” 4. The changes will apply instantly across the application.

Unit Settings

## 6.4 Helpful Tips ✅ Ensure login credentials are correct to avoid access issues. ✅ Customise unit settings for a seamless experience. By following these steps, you can effortlessly manage your Aeromegh account and configure your settings for a smoother experience.   # 7. Projects From takeoff to touchdown: Your visual guide to crafting the perfect flight plan. In AeroGCS ORANGE, a project involves a comprehensive set of plans and configurations, guaranteeing a smooth and secure flight experience. This encompasses: 1. **Project Creation** :- Start by initiating the creation of a new project. 2. **Project Access :-** Easily open and access existing projects. 3. **Project Modification** :- Make essential adjustments and edits to meet specific project requirements. 4. **Project Preservation :-** Save the project to retain its current state and ongoing progress. Explore the detailed step-by-step process of creating and managing projects in AeroGCS ORANGE.

Project Flow

The above flowchart that outlines the steps involved in creating a flight plan. The first step is to initiate the plan, then set the location, select the mission type, vehicle type, and flight type. After that, you apply the changes and save the plan. Finally, you can upload the plan to your device and fly. So in short, the diagram shows the process of creating a flight plan, from start to finish. # 7.1 Create a New Project To create a project, navigate to the Project Menu , as explained in the Dashboard section, and you'll be directed to the screen shown below.

Project Home

In AeroGCS ORANGE, users can easily create and manage projects. The interface allows for the creation of new projects, viewing existing ones, and searching for specific projects by name. This user-friendly feature simplifies project management within the application. Let us see project creation step by step. **Step 1**: To initiate a new project in AeroGCS ORANGE, simply click on " **New Project**" on the project home screen. This action will display the following screen on the user's device.

Start Here

**Step 2:** After clicking "**Start Here**" on the previous screen, your device will display the following screen for additional actions.

Mission Type

On this screen, choose the "**Mission Type**" based on your preference—either "**Manual**" or "**Automatic**" for further processing. **Step 3**: If the user selects "**Manual**" as the flight type in **Step 2**, the following screen will be visible on the user's device, enabling a direct flight start.

Manual Flight

**Step 4:** If the user chooses "**Automatic**" as the flight type in **Step 2**, the following screen will appear on their device.

Automatic Flight

On this screen, 1. For users with a trial license, the selection of the vehicle type is based on either "MultiRotor" or "VTOL," depending on the connected vehicle type. 2. For license holders, the active vehicle type is determined by the specific license obtained—either MultiRotor or VTOL. Users can then select the vehicle associated with their active license. **Step 5**: After the user selects the vehicle type, the following screen becomes visible on the display.

Select Flight Type

On this screen, the user selects the flight type from the available options. **Step 6**: For example, if the user selects "**Survey**" as the flight type in **Step 5**, the following screen will be visible on the user's display.

Flight Type View

On this screen, on the right side under the label "**Survey**," users can make necessary settings according to their needs for the plan. {% hint style="info" %} Refer to the "Mission Planning" section in this user manual for comprehensive details and step-by-step instructions related to selected flight types. For example, navigate to the 'Survey Planning' subsection within the "Mission Planning" section for specific guidance on configuring survey plans. {% endhint %} **Step 7**: After making the necessary adjustments to Survey details, click on the "**Apply**" button to ensure that the changes are applied to the plan. **Step 8:** Save the applied details to the plan and store them in the project by clicking on the "**Save**" button. After clicking "**Save**," the following screen will be displayed on the user's device.

Save Plan

On this screen, enter the project name and plan name to save the flight plan in the project with the specified plan name. **Step 9**: Finally, click on the "**Save**" button to save the plan in the project. To create a new project in AeroGCS ORANGE, navigate to the Project Menu, click "New Project," select mission type, vehicle type, and flight type, make necessary adjustments, and save the plan with a specified name. # 7.2 Setting Location By default, AeroGCS ORANGE retrieves the location from the connected device/drone and sets it as the project location. Follow these steps to map out your journey to a different destination using AeroGCS ORANGE. **Step 1: Confirm Drone Disconnection**. Ensure the drone is not linked to AeroGCS ORANGE. **Step 2: Access the Home Screen** by navigating to AeroGCS ORANGE's main interface. **Step 3: Utilize the Search Bar on the Home screen**. Locate and enter your desired location for precise results. **Step 4: Initiate the search** by clicking on the search icon or pressing Enter. The user will see the following screen on the display.

Set Location

Clicking on "**Start Here**" on this screen allows users to begin planning their mission at location. # 7.3 Add a New Flight Plan AeroGCS ORANGE enables users to add a new plan to an existing project. This can be achieved by following the steps given below. To add a new plan to an existing project in AeroGCS ORANGE, follow these steps: **Step 1**. Open the AeroGCS ORANGE application and navigate to the project home screen. **Step 2**. Click on the project to which you want to add a new plan. **Step 3**. In the project details view, locate the "**Add Plan** " button that allows you to create a new plan within the selected project as shown in the following screen.

Add a plan

**Step 4**. Click on the "**Add Plan** " button, and you will be directed to a screen where you can configure the details of the new plan by clicking on “**Start Here**” as shown in the following screen.

New Plan Start Here

**Step 5**. Set the mission type, flight type, and other necessary parameters for the new plan according to user requirements. {% hint style="info" %} **Note:** For detailed information and step-by-step instructions on mission planning, please refer to the '**Mission Planning**' section in this manual. {% endhint %} **Step 6**. After configuring the plan details, click on the "**Apply**" button to save the changes. **Step 7.** Click on the "**Save**" button to store the newly created plan within the existing project. In this step, users are required to input the plan name only. By following these steps, users can seamlessly add a new plan to an existing project in AeroGCS ORANGE. # 7.4 Using Existing Flight Plan Unlock the efficiency of AeroGCS ORANGE by harnessing the power of existing plans. Streamline your operations and maximize productivity with the convenience of reusing plans for a seamless experience. AeroGCS ORANGE enables users to use existing plans. Here are the steps: **Step 1**. Access the project menu by clicking on the project icon . **Step 2**. Choose the desired project from the list. **Step 3**. Select the plan you want to use from the available plans. **Step 4**. Click on the plan name to display the plan view. **Step 5**. Click on the "**Edit**" button to modify parameters if needed. As shown in the following screen

Edit plan

**Step 6**. After editing the plan, click on the "**Save**" button to save the changes. Follow on-screen instructions to upload the plan to the vehicle/drone.

Save Plan

**Step 7**. In Step 5 if the user doesn't want to edit the parameters and wishes to upload the plan as it is, click on the "**Upload**" button to transfer the plan to the vehicle/drone. {% hint style="info" %} **Note**: Ensure the drone/device is disconnected to plan at a different location. {% endhint %} # 7.5 Edit a Flight Plan Explore the versatility of AeroGCS ORANGE, where users can easily customize existing plans within a project. Follow these steps to efficiently edit and tailor your plans for precise mission execution. In AeroGCS ORANGE, users can modify existing plans within a project. Here are the steps to edit an existing plan: **Step 1**. Access the project menu by clicking on the project icon . **Step 2**. Choose the desired project from the list. **Step 3**. Select the flight plan you want to Edit from the available plans. **Step 4**. Click on the plan name to display the plan view. **Step 5**. Upon opening the flight plan and making it visible in the flight plan view, click the "Edit" button to modify the current flight plan according to the user's requirements. On the plan view, users can make edits to different aspects of the flight plan, such as plan details, waypoints, rally points, camera details, and fences. Let us take a closer look at each editing option for different flight types. # 7.5.1 Survey plan To edit a survey plan for a specific project, begin by opening the plan in the flight plan view. As shown in the following screen.

Edit Survey Plan

On this screen, users can modify the plan by selecting the "**Edit**" button. Upon pressing the edit button, the parameters in Camera Details, Survey Details, and Fence Boundary become editable. Users can then input new values and make necessary modifications as per their requirements. Users have the option to directly upload the plan by clicking the "**Upload**" button if they want to reuse the same plan without any modifications. Upon clicking the "**Edit**" button, the Flight Plan screen will be displayed as depicted in the following image.

Survey Plan Edit View

On this screen, users have the option to adjust or input new values for parameters in Camera Details, Survey Details, and Fence Boundary. **Camera Details :** In this section, users can modify the camera type by selecting it from the drop-down list. After choosing the camera type, all values in the corresponding fields—Sensor Height, Sensor Width, Image Height, Image Width, and Focal Length—get automatically updated. If the user prefers not to make changes, they can leave the camera type and parameter values unchanged. Additionally, users can introduce a new camera by selecting the "Add Camera" option and specifying the values for Sensor Height, Sensor Width, Image Height, Image Width, and Focal Length. **Survey Details :** Users can change values for parameters in Survey Details, including front overlap, side overlap, turn-around distance, starting point, altitude, GSD, speed, and turn angle. The turn angle can be adjusted using a slider. Furthermore, users can enable or disable the cross grid, add rally points, and import a GCP file through the import button. **Rally Points :** When this option is enabled, users can add a maximum of 4 rally points in a survey plan by simply clicking on the desired location within the survey plan. As shown in the following screen.

Rally Points

In AeroGCS ORANGE, Rally points are represented in violet color within the survey plan. {% hint style="info" %} If a user tries to add more than 4 rally points, the user will see the screen with the message: "**Can't add rally points beyond 4**." {% endhint %}

Can Not Add Rally Point Message.

**Relocate Rally Point:** Users can relocate a rallying point by selecting it and dragging it to a new location. **Delete a Rally Point:** To delete a rally point from the survey plan, click on the rally point that the user wants to delete. This will trigger a confirmation message: "**Are you sure you want to delete the selected rally point?**" as shown in the following screen.

Delete Rally Point

Upon clicking the "**Yes**" button, the selected rally point will be deleted from the survey plan. **Fence Boundary :** In AeroGCS ORANGE, the survey flight plan comprises two distinct fence boundaries: the Outer Fence Boundary and the Inner Fence Boundary. **Outer Fence Boundary :** In AeroGCS ORANGE, the default setting for the Outer Fence Boundary is drawn at a distance of 10 meters around the flight plan in green color. Users have the flexibility to adjust this distance by expanding the fence boundary using the slider feature. This allows users to increase or decrease the Outer Fence Boundary according to their requirements. **Inner Fence Boundary :** In AeroGCS ORANGE, the Inner Fence Boundary is automatically drawn at the plan boundary in yellow color, featuring red-colored fence waypoints. Users can edit the Inner Fence by utilizing the fence waypoints, as explained in the dedicated Fence Waypoint section. {% hint style="info" %} **Note**: Fence waypoints on the Inner Fence Boundary become visible only when the Outer Fence Boundary widget is minimized or disabled. {% endhint %} **Fence Waypoint :** In AeroGCS ORANGE, the user can add, move, or delete fence waypoint points (represented by red color) on the inner fence boundary. The inner fence boundary is highlighted in yellow and is exclusively visible in the flight plan view. 1. **Add New Fence Waypoint :** To add a new fence waypoint, click on the red-colored point without a number. This action will append a new fence waypoint to the inner fence boundary. 2. **Relocate a Fence Waypoint :** To relocate a fence waypoint to a different position, click and drag the respective waypoint to the desired location. The plan will be rearranged and drawn accordingly. The revised plan will be visible on the flight plan view. 3. **Delete a Fence Waypoint :** In a survey plan, users can delete a fence waypoint by selecting it. A "**Delete**" pop-up button will appear at that point. By clicking on the "**Delete**" button, the chosen fence waypoint will be removed, leading to a rearrangement and redraw of the plan. The updated plan will then be visible on the flight plan view. {% hint style="info" %} **Note**: Deleting a fence waypoint in the survey plan is only possible when there are more than 4 waypoints on the inner fence boundary. If the survey plan contains only 4 or fewer fence waypoints, the user will not have the option to delete them. {% endhint %} **Moving a plan :** In AeroGCS Orange, users can relocate the survey plan from one location to another using the "Move Marker " feature. Simply select the move marker and drag it to the new location where the user wants to shift the survey plan. After making all the necessary modifications to the survey flight plan, the user should apply the new parameters and settings by clicking on the "**Apply**" button. Once applied, the updated flight plan will be visible on the screen, accompanied by the "**Save**" button. Click on the "**Save**" button to save the modified flight plan. # 7.5.2. Waypoint plan To edit a waypoint plan for a specific project, begin by opening the plan in the flight plan view. As shown in the following screen.

Way Point Plan Edit View

After the waypoint plan becomes visible on the screen, click on the "Edit" button under the waypoint section. This action enables users to edit the waypoint parameters and fence boundary directly from the waypoint section of the plan. Now, users can edit each waypoint as needed. Users have the option to directly upload the plan by clicking the "Upload" button if they want to reuse the same plan without any modifications. **Waypoint Details :** In this section, users can edit and modify existing waypoints. To change the location of a waypoint, the user must select it on the map view and drag it to a new location according to their needs and plan. The longitude and latitude of the waypoints will be updated in the waypoint details. To add a new waypoint, simply click on the map view, and it will automatically connect to the previous waypoint. Similarly, users can adjust the altitude and speed for each waypoint separately. After adjusting the parameters of each waypoint, the user must click on the "**Apply**" button to ensure that the new parameters are applied independently to each waypoint. The total area covered by all the waypoints will be calculated automatically and displayed in the Total Area field. **Camera Action :** In the AeroGCS ORANGE waypoint plan, users have the option to set the camera trigger action for each waypoint from the drop-down list. To edit the Camera Action for a specific waypoint, the user can select the waypoint and choose the desired camera action from the drop-down menu. **Gimbal :** In the AeroGCS ORANGE waypoint plan, users can enable or disable the Gimbal for each waypoint. To edit the Gimbal settings for a waypoint, select the waypoint and click the Gimbal checkbox to enable it. Once enabled, users can set values for pitch, roll, and yaw. It's important to note that users cannot set pitch, roll, and yaw if the Gimbal checkbox is not selected. **Hold :** In AeroGCS ORANGE, users can hold the flying drone at a waypoint for a specified duration in seconds. To edit the hold duration, enable the Hold option by clicking the checkbox, and then enter the desired hold duration in seconds in the text field. It's important to note that users cannot set the hold duration if the Hold option is not selected. **Fence Boundary :** To edit the fence boundary in the waypoint plan, the user must enable it using the switch button provided. Enabling this option will display fence waypoints on the map in red color with numbers. Users can select a fence waypoint to change its location and drag it to a new position. This action will rearrange and redraw the fence boundary according to the updated fence waypoints. Users can remove a fence boundary waypoint by selecting it with a single click and then clicking on the "**Clear**" button. This action will delete the selected fence boundary waypoint. After completing the editing of parameters under waypoint details and fence boundary, as mentioned earlier, users must apply the changes by clicking on the "**Apply**" button. This action ensures that all the new values are applied to the waypoint plan. # 7.5.3. Corridor Plan To edit a Corridor plan for a specific project, begin by opening the plan in the flight plan view. As shown in the following screen.

Corridor Plan To Edit

After the corridor plan is visible on the screen, click on the "**Edit**" button to access and modify the Corridor plan details. This provides users with the ability to edit Camera Details, Corridor Details, and Fence Boundaries as needed. Alternatively, if the user wishes to reuse the plan without making any edits, they can directly upload it by clicking on the "**Upload**" button. **Camera Details :** Users can view the Camera Details widget by clicking the down arrow, and the screen will appear as shown in the following Screen.

Corridor Plan Camera Details

In this section, users can modify the camera type by selecting it from the drop-down list. After choosing the camera type, all values in the corresponding fields—Sensor Height, Sensor Width, Image Height, Image Width, and Focal Length—get automatically updated. If the user prefers not to make changes, they can leave the camera type and parameter values unchanged. Additionally, users can introduce a new camera by selecting the "Add Camera" option and specifying the values for Sensor Height, Sensor Width, Image Height, Image Width, and Focal Length. **Corridor Details :** Users can view the Corridor Details widget by clicking the down arrow, and the screen will appear as shown in the following Screen.

Corridor Detail

Users have the flexibility to modify values for various parameters in Corridor Details, such as front overlap, side overlap, altitude, speed, corridor width, and turn-around distance. Additionally, users can toggle the option to enable or disable rally points. After enabling rally points, users can dynamically add or delete rally points on the Corridor plan as needed. The user can seamlessly expand the corridor plan by clicking on the red-colored midpoint, which will intelligently add a new point to the existing corridor plan. Furthermore, users have the flexibility to rearrange the corridor plan by dragging waypoints to new locations. This action triggers an automatic rearrangement and redraw of the corridor plan to align with the updated waypoints. **Rally Points** : When this option is enabled, users can add a maximum of 4 rally points in a corridor plan by simply clicking on the desired location within the corridor plan. As shown in the following screen.

Rally Point in Corridor

In AeroGCS ORANGE, Rally points are represented in violet color within the corridor plan. If a user tries to add more than 4 rally points, the user will see the screen with the message: "Can't add rally points beyond 4."

Can not Add Rally Point Message

**Relocate a Rally Point :** Users can relocate a rallying point by selecting it and dragging it to a new location. **Delete a Rally Point:** To delete a rally point from the corridor plan, click on the rally point that the user wants to delete. This will trigger a confirmation message: "Are you sure you want to delete the selected rally point?" as shown in the following screen.

Delete a Rally Point

Upon clicking the "**Yes**" button, the selected rally point will be deleted from the corridor plan. **Fence Boundary :** To increase or decrease the outer fence boundary of the corridor plan, expand the fence boundary widget. This action will reveal a slider that allows users to increase or decrease the outer fence boundary of the corridor plan, as illustrated in the following screen.

Corridor Fence Options

Users have the flexibility to adjust the outer fence boundary by either using the slider or by employing the "**-**" and "**+**" buttons for adjustments. **Moving a plan :** In AeroGCS Orange, users can relocate the corridor plan from one location to another using the "**Move Marker** " feature. Simply select the move marker and drag it to the new location where the user wants to shift the corridor plan. After completing modifications to the corridor plan, click on the "**Apply**" button to implement the changes to the corridor plan. The updated plan will be displayed on the screen along with the "**Save**" button. Users should click on the "**Save**" button to permanently save the modified corridor plan. # 7.5.4. Vertical Plan To edit a Vertical plan for a specific project, begin by opening the plan in the flight plan view. As shown in the following screen.

Vertical Plan Edit

After the vertical plan is visible on the screen, click on the "Edit" button to access and modify the vertical plan details. This allows users to edit Vertical Details and Fence Boundary as needed. Alternatively, if the user wishes to reuse the plan without making any edits, they can directly upload it by clicking on the "**Upload**" button. **Vertical Details :** In this section, users can edit and modify waypoint parameters such as altitude, speed, maximum altitude, number of waypoints, camera action, gimbal settings, and hold duration. Upon clicking the Edit button, the user will be presented with the following screen to modify the vertical plan details.

Edit Point in Vertical Plan

On this screen, longitude and latitude are pre-set for each vertical waypoint based on the user-defined location. The user establishes the altitude for the first vertical waypoint, maximum altitude, speed, and the total number of vertical waypoints for the plan. Subsequently, the altitude for the remaining waypoints is calculated by dividing the maximum altitude by the total number of waypoints. Users can further customize the altitude for each waypoint by entering specific values for each vertical waypoint. **Camera Action :** In the AeroGCS ORANGE vertical plan, users have the option to set the camera trigger action for each waypoint from the drop-down list. To edit the Camera Action for a specific waypoint, the user can select the waypoint and choose the desired camera action from the drop-down menu. **Gimbal :** In the AeroGCS ORANGE vertical plan, users can enable or disable the Gimbal for each waypoint. To edit the Gimbal settings for a waypoint, select the waypoint and click the Gimbal checkbox to enable it. Once enabled, users can set values for pitch, roll, and yaw. It's important to note that users cannot set pitch, roll, and yaw if the Gimbal checkbox is not selected. **Hold :** In AeroGCS ORANGE, users can hold the flying drone at a waypoint for a specified duration in seconds. To edit the hold duration, enable the Hold option by clicking the checkbox, and then enter the desired hold duration in seconds in the text field. It's important to note that users cannot set the hold duration if the Hold option is not selected. **Fence Boundary :** To edit the fence boundary in the waypoint plan, the user must enable it using the switch button provided. Enabling this option will display fence waypoints on the map in red color with numbers. Users can select a fence waypoint to change its location and drag it to a new position. This action will rearrange and redraw the fence boundary according to the updated fence waypoints. Users can remove a fence boundary waypoint by selecting it with a single click and then clicking on the "**Clear**" button. This action will delete the selected fence boundary waypoint. {% hint style="info" %} Note: For a vertical plan, a minimum of 3 fence waypoints is sufficient to draw a fence around the plan. {% endhint %} After finishing the editing of the vertical plan, the user should click on the "Apply" button to implement the updated parameters. Following the application of the new parameters, the user must save the plan by clicking on the "Save" button, ensuring that the updated plan is permanently saved. # 7.5.5. Circular Plan To edit a Circular plan for a specific project, begin by opening the plan in the flight plan view. As shown in the following screen.

Circular Plan Edit Mode

After the Circular plan is visible on the screen, click on the "**Edit**" button to access and modify the Circular plan details. This allows users to edit Circular Details and Fence Boundary as needed. Alternatively, if the user wishes to reuse the plan without making any edits, they can directly upload it by clicking on the "**Upload**" button. **Circular Details :** In this section, users can modify the plan location by editing the center altitude and center longitude or by selecting and dragging the center point of the plan, represented by the center anchor . Adjustment of the circular plan's area is possible by editing the circular radius or moving the circular anchor at the edge of the plan. Dragging it inward reduces the plan area while dragging it outward increases it. Users can also input new values for the first point angle, altitude, and speed. Rally points can be enabled or disabled, and users have the option to change the direction of circular plan points clockwise by enabling the clockwise option. {% hint style="info" %} Note: For a circular plan, the minimum radius should be at least 5 meters. If a user attempts to decrease the radius below 5 meters, AeroGCS ORANGE will display the message "Please enter a circle radius greater than 5 meters. {% endhint %} **Rally Points :** When this option is enabled, users can add a maximum of 4 rally points in a circular plan by simply clicking on the desired location within the circular plan. As shown in the following screen.

Rally Point In Circular Plan

In AeroGCS ORANGE, Rally points are represented in violet color within the circular plan. If a user tries to add more than 4 rally points, the user will see the screen with the message: "Can't add rally points beyond 4."

Can Not Add Rally Point

**Relocate Rally Point :** Users can relocate a rallying point by selecting it and dragging it to a new location. **Delete a Rally Point :** To delete a rally point from the corridor plan, click on the rally point that the user wants to delete. This will trigger a confirmation message: "**Are you sure you want to delete the selected rally point**?" as shown in the following screen.

Delete a Rally Point

Upon clicking the "**Yes**" button, the selected rally point will be deleted from the corridor plan. **Fence Boundary :** To increase or decrease the outer fence boundary of the circular plan, expand the fence boundary widget. This action will reveal a slider that allows users to increase or decrease the outer fence boundary of the circular plan, as illustrated in the following screen.

Circular Fence Option

Users have the flexibility to adjust the outer fence boundary by either using the slider or by employing the "-" and "+" buttons for adjustments. **Moving a plan :** In AeroGCS Orange, users can relocate the circular plan from one location to another using the "Move Marker " feature. Simply select the move marker and drag it to the new location where the user wants to shift the corridor plan. After finishing the editing of the circular plan, the user should click on the "**Apply**" button to implement the updated parameters. Following the application of the new parameters, the user must save the plan by clicking on the "**Save**" button, ensuring that the updated plan is permanently saved. # 7.6 Save a Plan Once all the necessary parameters are appropriately configured, it's important to proceed by saving the changes. Clicking on the '**Save**' button ensures that all modifications are stored and that these settings are specific to the particular plan and project. The saved parameters will remain unchanged unless intentionally modified. This flexibility allows for the reuse of the same plan for various purposes without the need to create a new plan and project every time. If you proceed without saving the new parameters, the system will consider the previous or default settings. # 7.7 Export a Plan In AeroGCS ORANGE, users can export an existing plan from a project to a KML file for reuse or storage. Access the list of plans from the project view, as illustrated in the following screen.

Export to .kml

To export a plan to KML in AeroGCS ORANGE, click on the three dots at the end of the plan details. This will present options, including "**Export to KML**," as indicated in the above screen. Once the user clicks on "**Export KML**," the selected plan will be exported to a KML file and saved locally. A confirmation message, along with the path where the KML file is stored, will be displayed, as shown in the following screen.

Plan Saved as .kml

Now, the user has the flexibility to copy the KML file and reuse it as needed. # 7.8 Delete a Plan/Project Effortlessly manage your projects in AeroGCS ORANGE by deleting specific plans or the entire project. Take control of your workspace with the following steps for precise deletion and efficient project organization. In AeroGCS ORANGE, users can delete a specific plan from a project as well as delete the entire project. # 7.8.1. Delete a Plan In AeroGCS ORANGE, to delete a plan from a project, the user should open the project containing the plan from the project home menu. This action will display a list of plans with their details within the project, as illustrated in the following screen.

Delete a plan

To delete a plan from a project in AeroGCS ORANGE, click on the three dots at the end of the plan details row. This will display options to perform operations, as shown in the above screen. Select the "**Delete**" option from the available choices to delete the currently selected plan.

Confirm plan Delete

A confirmation prompt will appear, asking the user, "**Do you really want to delete the plan?**" If the user confirms by clicking the "**Yes**" button, the selected plan will be permanently deleted from the project. # 7.8.2. Delete a Project In AeroGCS ORANGE, users can delete a project by accessing the available project list. Clicking on "Project Home" will display the following screen for the user.

Delete a Project

To delete a project from AeroGCS ORANGE, click on the three dots at the end of the project details row. This will reveal options, as depicted in the above screen. To proceed with the deletion of the selected project, click on the "**Delete** **Project**" option.

Confirm Project Delete

A confirmation prompt will appear, asking the user, "**Are you sure you want to delete the project?**" If the user confirms by clicking the "**Yes**" button, the currently selected project will be permanently deleted from AeroGCS ORANGE. # 8. Connecting a Drone Take command of your drone's connection: AeroGCS ORANGE offers multiple pathways to link your device and software. For seamless drone operation, it's crucial that the drone accurately interprets and responds to Remote Control (RC) commands. This relies on a robust wireless connection between the drone, Ground Control Station (GCS), and RC. Users need to provide essential details to ensure effective communication. In AeroGCS ORANGE, users have multiple methods to establish drone connectivity, offering different mechanisms for the vital link between the drone and the software. Drone connectivity in AeroGCS ORANGE includes options like Setting Communication Links through Serial, TCP, UDP, and Bluetooth. Access drone connection functionality by clicking on the three dots on the home screen, As shown in the following screen.

Connect Option

Once you select the "**Connect**" menu option, highlighted in orange, a window will appear, providing the option to choose a communication port, as shown in the following screen.

Communication port

**Connection Type:** AeroGCS ORANGE provides compatibility with four distinct protocols for establishing a connection: 1\. Serial 2\. TCP 3\. UDP 4\. Bluetooth. Let's walk through the steps systematically to establish a connection between the drone and AeroGCS ORANGE. # 8.1 Utilizing Serial Port Follow these steps to establish a connection with the drone using the serial port. **Step 1**: Choose the "**Serial**" option from the dropdown list, as shown below, and proceed to configure the parameters.

Serial Port Connect

Configure or choose the appropriate values as explained below. **Serial Port Settings:** Within the serial port settings, users can establish a device connection through serial communication. Moreover, users hold the flexibility to adjust baud rates based on specific requirements before initiating the device connection. #### 8.1.1 Serial Port Selection: Choose a serial port from the provided drop-down list. Opting for the correct serial port is essential to ensure the establishment of a reliable communication link. #### 8.1.2 Baud Rate: The baud rate corresponds to the pace at which information moves within a communication channel. It signifies the frequency of signal element alterations or transitions per second as data traverses through a transmission medium. A higher baud rate translates to accelerated data transmission and reception speeds. **Baud rate = Number of signal elements/total time (in seconds)** Baud rate holds significance, particularly in serial communication. Within the context of a serial port, the term "9600 baud" indicates that the serial port can facilitate the transfer of up to 9600 bits within a single second. #### 8.1.3 Data Bits: Data bits in serial communication carry a range of information, including device commands, sensor readings, and error messages. Both text (ASCII) and binary data can serve as carriers. Commonly, serial ports employ five to eight data bits. #### 8.1.4 Parity: Parity, an error-checking method, enforces a consistent count of 1s – either even or odd – within each error-free bit group transmitted. #### 8.1.5 Data Flow Control: \- **RTS/CTS Protocol:** The Request To Send (RTS) / Clear To Send (CTS) protocol employs a single wire in each direction, facilitating a handshaking technique. \- **XON/XOFF Flow Control**: XON/XOFF, also referred to as Software Flow Control, are control characters integral to data transmission. **Step 2**: To establish a connection with the drone, click on the "**Connect**" button. After a successful connection, you will receive a notification confirming "**Communication Link Established,**" and the top bar of the screen will change to a vibrant green color. # 8.2 Utilizing TCP In the TCP communication configuration, users can define the host address, listening port, target address, and target port based on specific needs. Follow the steps shown in the following screen.

TCP port Connect

#### 8.2.1 Host Address: This is the address of the host computer used for controlling and monitoring the drone. Users can modify it if needed; otherwise, it can remain unchanged. (For the local computer, the IP Address is 127.0.0.1) #### 8.2.2 Listening Port: This is the address of the connected device within the system. Users can modify this address or leave it unchanged. To initiate a connection with the drone, enter the Host Address and Port Number, then click on the "**Connect**" button. After a successful connection, you will receive a notification confirming "Drone Connected," and the top bar of the screen will change to a vibrant green color. # 8.3 Utilizing UDP The User Datagram Protocol (UDP) operates as a protocol in the Transport Layer, forming a crucial part of the Internet Protocol suite (UDP/IP suite). Unlike TCP, UDP lacks reliability and operates in a connectionless manner, eliminating the need for prior connection establishment before initiating data transmission. Similar to the process of establishing a connection with TCP, connecting via UDP involves entering the IP Address and Port Number, as shown in the following screen.

UDP port connect

Clicking the Connect button prompts the display of a connection progress screen, resembling the presentation observed during the drone connection using TCP. Upon successful connection, a notification will confirm " **Communication Link Established**," and the top bar of the screen will change to a vibrant green color. # 8.4 Bluetooth Connection For a Bluetooth connection, access this screen.

Bluetooth Scan

Scan for devices by clicking "**Scan**." Choose your device from the list, and grant location permission if needed.

Select Bluetooth Device

You can use the “**Stop**” Button to stop Bluetooth scans for devices. To connect, click "**Connect**." Upon success, a notification will confirm " **Communication Link Established**," and the top bar of the screen will change to a vibrant green color, as seen below.

Communication link established

Click on the "Ok" button. you will see the following screen.

Drone Connected

User Must select the right communication protocol based on the app and device range. # 8.5 Drone Registration If you are connecting your drone to AeroGCS ORANGE for the first time, the software will guide you through the registration process. Follow these steps to register your drone and save its details: **Step 1. Connect Drone:** Use the preferred protocol (Serial, TCP, UDP, or Bluetooth) to establish a connection. **Step 2. Automatic Registration:** AeroGCS ORANGE detects the first connection and prompts you to register your drone. **Step 3. Fill in Drone Details:** * **Drone Id**: This field will be automatically populated with the drone's unique identifier. * **Drone Name**: Click on the pencil icon next to this field to edit and enter a name for your drone. * **Firmware Version**: This field displays the current firmware version of the drone. If it's not available, it will show as "NA." * **UIN:** Enter the Unique Identification Number (UIN) of the drone. * **Serial No**.: This field will be automatically populated with the drone's serial number. * **Model:** Enter the model name of the drone. * **FC Serial No**.: This field will be automatically populated with the flight controller's serial number.

Drone Registration

**Step 4. Complete the Registration:** * After entering all necessary details, click the "Register Drone" button to complete the registration process. The screen will display a message stating, "**Drone has been registered**," as shown below.

Drone Registered

**Step 5: Optional: Do Not Register:** · If you choose not to register the drone at this moment, click the "Do not Register" button. {% hint style="info" %} Note: Keep your drone powered on during the registration process. {% endhint %} By following these steps, the drone will be successfully registered with AeroGCS ORANGE. Once registered, your drone's details will be saved in AeroGCS ORANGE, and you can access and manage the drone through the application. This initial registration ensures that your drone is correctly identified and configured for optimal use with AeroGCS ORANGE. # 9. Settings (RPA Settings) "Elevate your RPA experience with precision and ease – Calibrate, Capture, Respond, and Power Up for flawless operations in the skies." RPA, which stands for Remotely Piloted Aircraft, is designed to operate from a distance and deliver precise outcomes. Drones are managed by a pilot using a remote control linked to the drone itself. To ensure smooth operations, consider the following steps: **1. Calibrate Essential Components:** Before takeoff, it's crucial to calibrate sensors, motors, ESCs (Electronic Speed Controllers), and the compass. This pre-flight calibration enhances flight stability. **2. Optimize Camera Settings**: Set up the camera parameters to capture high-quality images and videos of the drone's flight area. This adjustment ensures optimal data collection. **3. Define Emergency Actions**: Assign appropriate actions to manage emergencies and prevent drone damage. Having predefined responses in place is vital for safe operations. **4. Configure Battery and Power Setting**s: Easily adjust parameters related to battery usage and power management using RPA Configuration. This helps streamline the drone's performance. By following these steps, you can make RPA operations more user-friendly and error-free. Access RPA settings in AeroGCS ORANGE by clicking "**Settings**" in the Home Menu. As Shown in the Following Screen.

Settings

{% hint style="info" %} Note: 📶 Connect your drone to AeroGCS ORANGE to access the ⚙️ Settings screen. 🔗 (A stable connection is required for full functionality.) {% endhint %} # 9.1 Sensors Sensors play a crucial role in how drones operate. They need to respond quickly and efficiently to inputs. To ensure they work well, it's important to calibrate them before each flight to get the best performance. Now, let's explore the configuration of each sensor one step at a time. # 9.1.1 Device Accelerometer Calibration **Step 1**. Select the **“ACCELEROMETER”** Section and tap the **'Calibrate**' button, follow on-screen instructions, and orient the device as prompted to fine-tune its accelerometer.

Accelerometer Calibration Screen

**Step 2**. Continue by clicking the '**Next**' button and adhere to the on-screen guidelines for accurate accelerometer calibration. Repeat this process as needed to ensure precise calibration.

Accelerometer Calibration Steps

**Step 3.** After completing all accelerometer calibrations, remember to perform a reboot. To initiate the reboot, select the '**Reboot**' button.

Reboot After Accelerometer Calibrations

**Step 4**. Reestablish the connection with your drone to proceed with calibrating the next compass sensor. # 9.1.2 Device Compass Calibration **Step 1**. Navigate to the '**COMPASS**' section displayed on the screen. This section will present the compass options available for calibration. As shown in the following screen.

Compass Selection for Calibration

**Step 2**. Choose the compass that requires calibration, and proceed by selecting the '**Calibrate**' button. This action initiates the compass calibration process, as illustrated in the screen example below.

Compass Calibration

**Step 3**. After you have clicked the calibrate button in Step 2, the screen will show the following information. When you press the calibrate button, it will begin calibrating the compass you chose. Follow the instructions on the screen to calibrate the compass you have selected accurately.

Compass Calibration

“You need to rotate the vehicle randomly around all axes until the progress bar fills to the right and the calibration completes.” {% hint style="info" %} **Note:** While the vehicle is armed, compass calibration is not possible {% endhint %} **Step 4**. You can do it all on the same screen to adjust the compass settings. Just modify the Compass Declination values, pick the Compass fitness level you want, and press the Update button. This action will apply the new values to your device.

Compass Calibration Value

**Step 5**. Remember to Reboot your device by clicking the Reboot Button and reconnect before moving on to the next calibration steps. # 9.1.3 Level Horizon Calibration: **Step 1**. Navigate to the '**LEVEL HORIZON**' section displayed on the screen. This section will present the Level Horizon for calibration. As shown in the following screen.

Level Horizon

**Step 2.** Start the “**LEVEL HORIZON**” Calibration by selecting the “**Calibrate**” Button. You'll be prompted to position your vehicle in level orientations and hold it steady while it captures the orientation. Once the calibration is successful, the screen will display the following information.

Level Horizon Calibration

{% hint style="info" %} **Note:** Levelling the horizon is highly recommended for optimal flight performance. If you notice a persistent drift during flying, repeat this procedure {% endhint %} # 9.1.4 Pressure Sensor Calibration ### “This calibration establishes the current pressure as the reference point for zero altitude.” **Step 1**. Locate the '**PRESSURE**' section visible on your screen. This area will provide access to calibrating the Pressure Sensor, as shown in the screen below.

Pressure Sensor

**Step 2**. Click on the “**Calibrate**” button to start the calibration of pressure sensors. After completion of the calibration process, you will see the following screen.

Pressure Sensor Calibration Complete

By completing the pressure sensor calibration, you have now set the current pressure as the reference point for zero altitude, ensuring accurate measurements in your system. # 9.1.5 Flow Sensor Calibration In this section, you can configure parameters related to flow. Configuration Options in Flow Settings are Flow Enable, X-Axis Correction Factor, Y-Axis Correction Factor, and Flow Sensor Yaw Alignment.

Flow Sensor

Adjust the values for each option according to your requirements, then click the **Update** Button to save the changes. # 9.2 Safety Settings {% hint style="warning" %} ``` These parameters are read-only and are set by the OEM ``` {% endhint %} The AeroGCS ORANGE offers a range of safety settings, which you can view on the displayed screen below.

Safety Settings

Overall, the safety settings page allows you to configure the drone to behave safely in the event of a problem, such as a low battery or a lost signal from the controller. # 9.2.1 Battery Settings This section displays the Battery Failsafe, Failsafe Trigger, and RC Threshold settings as configured by the OEM. Users can view these settings but cannot adjust them. As shown in following screen

Battery Settings

**Battery Failsafe Trigger** * **Low Action**: Displays the action set by the OEM (None, Land, RTL, Smart RTL, or Land) * **Low Voltage Threshold**: Value set by OEM * **Low Battery Capacity Threshold**: Value set by OEM * **Critical Action**: Displays the action set by the OEM (None, Land, RTL, Smart RTL, or Land) * **Critical Voltage Threshold**: Value set by OEM * **Critical Battery Capacity Threshold:** Value set by OEM **Failsafe Trigger** * **Ground Station Failsafe**: Displays the setting chosen by the OEM (Disabled, Enable RTL, Enable Continue Mission in Auto Mode) * **Throttle Failsafe**: Value set by OEM * **PWM Failsafe**: Value set by OEM # 9.2.2 Return to Launch (RTL) #### 1.1.1 Return to Launch (RTL): This section displays the Return to Launch (RTL) settings as configured by the OEM. Users can view these settings but cannot adjust them. As shown in following screen

RTL settings

**Available options**: * **Return Altitude**: Value set by OEM * **Loiter Above Home**: Value set by OEM * **Landing Speed**: Value set by OEM # 9.2.3 Geofence This section displays the Geofence and Fence settings as configured by the OEM. These settings cannot be adjusted by the user.As shown in following screen

Geofence

**Geofence Settings:** * **Fence Type**: Circular, Altitude, or Both (as set by OEM) * **Report Only**: Enabled or Disabled (as set by OEM) * **RTL or Land**: Enabled or Disabled (as set by OEM) **Fence Settings:** * **Fence Types**: Altitude, Circle, Polygon (enabled or disabled as set by OEM) * **Fence Action**: Report Only or RTL or Land (as set by OEM) * **Fence Margin**: Value set by OEM * **Total Polygon Points**: Value set by OEM # 9.2.4 Arming Checks This screen displays the vehicle arming checks that have been configured by the OEM. Users can view these checks but cannot adjust them. As shown in Following screen

Arming Checks

The following arming checks are displayed: * Barometer * Compass * GPS lock * INS * Parameters * RC Channels * Board voltage * Battery Level * Airspeed * Logging Available * Hardware safety switch * GPS Configuration * System **Each check is marked as either enabled or disabled, as determined by the OEM.** # 9.2.5 Parachute #### 1.1.1 Parachute: This screen displays the parachute settings as configured by the OEM. Users can view these settings but cannot adjust them.As shown in following screen

Parachute

The following parachute settings are displayed: * **Parachute Enabled**: Whether the parachute system is enabled or disabled (as set by OEM) * **Type**: The type of parachute system (as set by OEM) * **Servo On**: Whether the parachute servo is on or off (as set by OEM) * **Servo Off State**: The state of the parachute servo when it's off (as set by OEM) * **Minimum Deployment Altitude**: The minimum altitude at which the parachute will deploy (as set by OEM) * **Parachute Delay**: The delay between when a critical event occurs and when the parachute deploys (as set by OEM) * **Critical Sink Rate**: The sink rate at which the parachute will automatically deploy (as set by OEM) # 9.2.6 Terrain In this setting section, customize terrain settings for your drone. The screen showcases the options available for configuring terrain settings.

Terrain Settings

**Step 1**. Configure terrain settings by enabling or disabling it using the "**Enable**" toggle option. Choose whether to follow the terrain by toggling the "**Follow**" switch button. Set the terrain radius as needed. **Step 2**. Select the Update Button to apply the values that were set in the previous steps. Confirmation will be provided through a dialog indicating that the parameters have been sent. # 9.3 RC Calibration To access the RC calibration settings, click on "RC CALIBRATION" from the setting. This action will bring up the following screen for your configuration.

RC Calibration

#### 9.3.1. RC Calibration: **Step 1**. For calibrating RC through the AeroGCS ORANGE, click on the "**Calibrate**" button. Follow the instructions that popped up on the screen.

RC Calibration Process

**Step 2**. After following the instructions, you will be prompted to click on the "**Click When Done**" button.

Click When Done

**Step 3**. Clicking the "**Click when done**" button will prompt you to confirm that the sticks are centered and the throttle is down, as displayed on the following screen.

Throttle and Sticks Confirmation

Confirm it by pressing the **OK** button. It will show you the RC calibration completed and the count of detected channels. Click **OK** to proceed. **Step 4**. It will show you “RC values for channels” in the dialog box.

RC Channel Values

After confirmation, it will show the “**Completed**” status on the Button. #### 9.3.2 Altitude Channel Settings: To set up altitude channel settings, go to the designated section on the RC Calibration screen, as displayed below.

Altitude Channel in RC Calibration

**Step 1.** Choose the suitable channels from the dropdown list for **throttle, roll, pitch**, and **yaw**. **Step 2**. Click the **Update** button to transmit the configured values to the drone. This completes the RC Calibration process. # 9.4 Flight Modes {% hint style="warning" %} These parameters are read-only and are set by the OEM {% endhint %} This screen displays the flight mode settings as configured by the OEM. Users can view these settings but cannot adjust them. As shown in following screen

Flight Mode

The following flight mode settings are displayed: * **Flight Mode Channel**: The channel used to transmit flight mode information (value set by OEM) * **Custom Mode Value**: The value assigned to the custom flight mode (set by OEM) * **Flight Mode 1 Value**: The value assigned to flight mode 1 (set by OEM) * **Flight Mode 2 Value**: The value assigned to flight mode 2 (set by OEM) * **Flight Mode 3 Value**: The value assigned to flight mode 3 (set by OEM) * **Flight Mode 4 Valu**e: The value assigned to flight mode 4 (set by OEM) * **Flight Mode 5 Value**: The value assigned to flight mode 5 (set by OEM) * **Flight Mode 6 Value**: The value assigned to flight mode 6 (set by OEM) # 9.5 Camera To access the Camera settings in the AeroGCS ORANGE, simply navigate to the "**Settings**" and select the "**Camera**" section. As shown in the following Screen

Camera Settings

Securing a camera to a gimbal while minimizing motor vibrations can be a challenging task. A gimbal is a support system that enables rotation around a single axis. To maintain camera stability, especially during movement, you can use either a set of two or three gimbals arranged at 90-degree angles. \- Two-axis gimbals provide roll and pitch stabilization. \- Three-axis gimbals offer stabilization for roll, pitch, and yaw. Various methods can be employed to attach the camera securely to the gimbal: 1\. Soft foam padding 2\. Rigid foam padding 3\. Neoprene tubes (mount the camera on the tube side) 4\. Surgical tubing 5\. Rubber bands 6\. Nylon bolts for direct and firm attachment 7\. Velcro straps Each of these techniques serves the purpose of camera attachment on the gimbal, and the choice depends on the specific needs and preferences of the user. # 9.5.1 Camera Setting In AeroGCS ORANGE, the screen below exhibits a segment dedicated to configuring camera settings.

Camera Auto Detect

Upon selecting the Camera option in settings, the system will automatically identify and list the detected camera under the Camera section. Users can then enter the RTSP camera stream URL, and there is an additional option to activate the stream by toggling the designated button. Once you've finished making changes, click the "**Update**" button to apply and send the parameters to the device.

Camera Setting Section

In this section, you can configure camera-related parameters as follows: * **Camera Relay:** Choose between "Low" or "High" for the camera relay setting. * **Camera Servo on** Set the Camera Servo On value within the range of PWM from 1000 to 2000. * **Camera Servo Off:** Specify the Camera Servo Off value within the PWM range of 1000 to 2000. * **Camera Trigger Type:** Select the Camera Trigger Type from the drop-down menu, with options "Servo" or "Relay." * **Camera Trigger Distance:** Define the distance at which the camera will automatically trigger, ranging from 0 to 1000 meters. * **Camera Trigger Duration:** Set the camera trigger duration to a desired value in deciseconds, with a range from 0 to 50. * **Camera Relay Pin:** Configure the Camera relay pin according to your requirements, with values ranging from 0 to 50. # 9.5.2 Gimbal Setting A gimbal is effective at mitigating unwanted motion along the three primary axes but cannot eliminate vertical movement. Vertical movement typically includes tilt motion or pitch motion, which involves the camera moving up and down, and roll motion, which pertains to rotating the camera to the left or right. To ensure full flexibility, a gimbal should be capable of orienting the camera in any direction, especially when viewing structures from below, such as bridges or overpasses. When the camera is mounted on a gimbal, you gain additional control over the gimbal's orientation, allowing you to track specific objects or adjust its position accordingly. This section provides options to configure both camera and gimbal-related parameters. The available configuration options are as follows: **9.5.2.1 Gimbal Tilt** In the context of gimbal and camera movement along the vertical axis, users can customize their preferences by setting the Input and Output Channels as well as Servo reverse modes. This section will appear displayed on the following screen:

Gimbal Tilt

Here are the steps to configure the settings in this section: 1. **Output Channel Configuration**: Select the desired channel from the drop-down list. 2. **Input Channel Configuration:** * Choose a channel from the output channel drop-down list. This selection enables input channel customization. * From the input channel drop-down list, select the appropriate input channel. * Optionally, toggle the "Servo reverse" setting to enable or disable it. 3. **Gimbal Angle Limits:** Set the limits for the Gimbal angle to ensure clear images. Adjust these limits as needed. 4. **Servo PWM Limits**: Specify the servo PWM limits, keeping them within the range of 500 to 2200. Avoid exceeding these limits on either side. **9.5.2.2 Gimbal Roll** As observed in the previous section, configure all the parameters for the Gimbal Roll as depicted in the following image. A positive roll angle tilts the gimbal or camera to the left, while a negative roll angle tilts it to the right. This configuration enables you to define actions in response to a breach of the fence. As shown in the following screen

Gimbal Roll

Here are the steps to configure the settings in this section: 1. **Output Channel Configuration** : Select the desired channel from the drop-down list. 2. **Input Channel Configuration**: * Choose a channel from the output channel drop-down list. This selection enables input channel customization. * From the input channel drop-down list, select the appropriate input channel. * Optionally, toggle the "Servo reverse" setting to enable or disable it. 3. **Gimbal Angle Limits**: Set the limits for the Gimbal angle to ensure clear images. Adjust these limits as needed. 4. **Servo PWM Limits**: Specify the servo PWM limits, keeping them within the range of 500 to 2200. Avoid exceeding these limits on either side. **9.5.2.3 Gimbal Pan** Lateral movement refers to the side-to-side motion of the gimbal or camera, either to the left or right. This capability enables you to define actions in response to a breach of a boundary or fence. The gimbal plan setting section appears as illustrated in the following figure:

Gimbal Pan

Here are the steps to configure the settings in this section: 1. **Output Channel Configuration**: Select the desired channel from the drop-down list. 2. **Input Channel Configuration:** * Choose a channel from the output channel drop-down list. This selection enables input channel customization. * From the input channel drop-down list, select the appropriate input channel. * Optionally, toggle the "Servo reverse" setting to enable or disable it. 3. **Gimbal Angle Limits:** Set the limits for the Gimbal angle to ensure clear images. Adjust these limits as needed. 4. **Servo PWM Limits:** Specify the servo PWM limits, keeping them within the range of 500 to 2200. Avoid exceeding these limits on either side. **9.5.2.4 Gimbal Setting** Gimbal Setting Type and Default Mode: · **Gimbal Setting Type:** Refers to the chosen configuration or mode for the gimbal's operation. · **Default Mode:** The initial or standard mode in which the gimbal operates without specific user adjustments. **To configure gimbal settings, navigate to the following screen through the camera settings menu.**

Gimbal Settings

**1. Gimbal Type:** Choose the type of gimbal from the provided dropdown menu, as demonstrated in the image below.

Gimbal Type

**2. Default Mode:** Pick the default operational mode for the gimbal using the dropdown menu, as illustrated in the image below.

Gimbal Default Mode

Once you've completed all the parameter configurations within the camera section, you can proceed by clicking the "**Update**" button. This action will update the parameters on your device and display a confirmation message indicating that the parameters have been successfully sent to the device. To summarize the camera settings within the RPA Configuration, the following ranges are provided: **Camera Settings** | Type | Min | Max | Unit | | ----------------------- | ---- | ---- | ----------- | | Camera Servo On | 1000 | 2000 | pwm | | Camera Servo Off | 1000 | 2000 | pwm | | Camera Trigger Distance | 0 | 1000 | meter | | Camera Trigger Duration | 0 | 50 | deciseconds | | Camera Relay Pin | 0 | 50 | | **Gimbal Settings** | Gimbal Settings | Parameter | Min | Mix | | --------------- | ------------------ | ----------- | ---------- | | Gimbal Tilt | Gimbal Angle Limit | -90 degree | 90 degree | | | Servo PWM Limits | 500 | 2200 | | Gimbal Roll | Gimbal Angle Limit | -180 degree | 180 degree | | | Servo PWM Limits | 500 | 2200 | | Gimbal Pan | Gimbal Angle Limit | -180 degree | 180 degree | | | Servo PWM Limits | 500 | 2200 | This completes Camera Settings in AeroGCS ORANGE. # 9.6 Joy Stick To control your drone using a joystick, enable and customize buttons in this setting. Set up the buttons according to your preferences for a seamless joystick control experience in AeroGCS ORANGE.

Joy Stick Settings

To set up your joystick, access this screen and configure the following: 1\. **Enable Joystick**: Check this option to activate the joystick. 2\. **Active Joystick**: Choose the active joystick from the dropdown menu. 3\. **Button Assignment**: Assign buttons for reverse and center positions by clicking "**Start**." **Skip** or **cancel** any assignments as needed. After configuring, click "**Update**" to save the settings. # 10. Mission Planning This section provides insights into project management and flight mission planning operations tailored specifically for AeroGCS ORANGE, designed to enhance surveying tasks. In the realm of drone operations, mission planning stands as a pivotal phase, and AeroGCS ORANGE takes the lead in this arena. This software is meticulously designed for surveys, introducing a spectrum of features to streamline the planning process. Key tasks within the mission planning functionality of AeroGCS ORANGE encompass: 1. **Configuring Parameters :** Initiate the mission by setting up parameters tailored to survey requirements. 2. **Adjusting Waypoints** : Tailor the flight path by modifying waypoints to meet the specific needs of survey missions. 3. **Managing Space :** Efficiently arrange spacing between waypoints to ensure comprehensive coverage during surveys. 4. **Route Adjustment**: Make real-time adjustments to the survey route, accommodating changes as necessary. AeroGCS ORANGE empowers users with the precision needed for survey missions, facilitating safe, efficient, and effective drone operations in the dynamic field of aerial surveys. This detailed planning process is indispensable for industries relying on accurate data collection, such as construction surveys. # 10.1 Mission Type Within the mission planning interface of AeroGCS ORANGE, the initial step involves choosing between two distinct mission types: manual and automatic. This pivotal selection sets the tone for the entire planning process. Users have the flexibility to opt for either manual or automatic mission types, each serving specific purposes. The displayed screen guides users through this crucial decision-making process, laying the foundation for a tailored and efficient mission plan in AeroGCS ORANGE.

Mission Type

1. **Automatic**: - This functionality in AeroGCS ORANGE is crafted for users who prefer to delineate field plots with the seamless integration of Google Maps. Harnessing the capabilities of satellite imagery and advanced mapping technology, users can precisely define their field plots. By pinpointing key locations on the map, they effortlessly outline the specific area, ensuring a tailored and accurate mission plan in AeroGCS ORANGE. 2. **Manual:** - AeroGCS ORANGE empowers users with the ability to take manual control of a drone through a remote control (RC), complemented by a detailed, step-by-step guide on monitoring the flight path. This feature ensures a seamless transition to manual control, providing users with precise guidance within AeroGCS ORANGE. # 10.2 Vehicle Type In AeroGCS ORANGE, opting for the "Automatic" mission type presents users with a choice between two vehicle types. The first option is the multirotor drone, and the second one is the VTOL (Vertical Take-Off and Landing) aircraft, as illustrated in the displayed screen. This selection allows users to tailor their mission plan based on the specific capabilities and characteristics of either the multirotor drone or VTOL aircraft.

Vehicle Type

1. **Multirotor Drone:** A versatile aerial vehicle with multiple rotors, offering agility and stability. Ideal for precise maneuvers and hovering, making it suitable for various mission types, including surveys and inspections. 2. **2. VTOL (Vertical Take-Off and Landing):** Aircraft capable of vertical take-off and landing, combining the benefits of both fixed-wing and rotorcraft. Well-suited for missions requiring efficiency in long-distance travel and flexibility in deployment, such as large-scale surveys and mapping. # 10.3 Flight Type AeroGCS ORANGE offers various options for selecting the flight type in your mission planning, as depicted on the displayed screen. This feature allows users to tailor their mission based on specific requirements, ensuring flexibility and customization in the planning process.

Flight type

AeroGCS ORANGE presents a total of 7 flight types, each meticulously detailed as follows: 1. **Survey :** Designed for comprehensive aerial surveys, this flight type in AeroGCS ORANGE focuses on capturing detailed data and imagery across specified areas. Users can customize parameters to ensure precision in data collection, making it an ideal choice for applications such as mapping and terrain analysis. 2. **Waypoint :** This flight type in AeroGCS ORANGE allows users to define a specific path for the drone by setting waypoints. Ideal for missions that require precise navigation and specific points of interest, such as inspection tasks or targeted data collection. Users can strategically plan the drone's route for efficient and accurate mission execution. 3. **Read from Device:** This flight type in AeroGCS ORANGE enables the drone to read and execute a previously stored mission plan. It utilizes existing waypoint data, offering efficiency in repeated missions or when following a predefined flight path. This feature streamlines the planning process by considering and implementing stored plans, enhancing flexibility and convenience for users. 4. **Corridor:** Tailored for missions requiring a focused and linear approach, the corridor flight type in AeroGCS ORANGE allows users to define a specific path within a confined space. Ideal for tasks such as infrastructure inspections or monitoring, this flight type optimizes coverage along a designated corridor, ensuring precision and effectiveness in data collection. 5. **Vertical :** AeroGCS ORANGE introduces the vertical flight type, catering to missions that demand controlled ascent and descent. This mode is suitable for tasks like structure inspections or capturing vertical perspectives of terrain. Users can customize parameters to ensure the drone's vertical movement aligns with the specific requirements of the mission, providing flexibility in data collection. 6. **Circular:** Tailored for missions requiring a circular flight pattern, AeroGCS ORANGE's circular flight type allows users to define a specific radius and center point. This is ideal for tasks such as 360-degree inspections or capturing panoramic views. Users can customize parameters to ensure precise and controlled circular flight, optimizing data collection in a circular path. # 10.4 Flight Plan In AeroGCS ORANGE, "flight planning" encompasses the entirety of mission preparation, covering aspects like equipment, personnel, logistics, and protocols. At Measure, we distinguish between "Mission Planning," inclusive of all elements, and "Flight Planning," which provides explicit instructions for drone operation during data collection. A drone flight plan in AeroGCS ORANGE is a meticulously planned set of instructions, encompassing coordinates, speed, altitude, direction, heading, gimbal movements, and camera actions. These instructions guide the drone through a flight, accomplishing specific objectives. The flight path, consisting of longitudes, latitudes, and elevations (waypoints), enables automatic navigation. Pre-planned flight paths undergo thorough team review to address inefficiencies or safety concerns. Beyond achieving mission objectives, planning aids in avoiding restricted airspaces, adhering to flying height constraints, monitoring battery life, and optimizing data collection for analysis. Speed and altitude values can be entered in decimal points in AeroGCS ORANGE, applicable across all flight plan types. While altitude values can be altered, this flexibility does not extend to speed, a feature consistent across all flight plans. Customizable gimbal movements and camera actions cater to diverse applications such as mapping, inspecting, recording, or live streaming. Emergency provisions are integrated to minimize potential drone damage. For surveying, mapping, volumes, or earthworks, meticulous planning of the flying area, flight paths, photos, and overlap is crucial. The Flight Plan in AeroGCS ORANGE is a time-ordered set of instructions for successful mission completion. AeroGCS ORANGE supports six different mission plans, each selected based on the application's requirements. Further details on these plans are discussed in the following section. In the image below, you can see the plan view of AeroGCS ORANGE. This interface provides a comprehensive visual representation of your mission plan, allowing you to review and adjust waypoints, parameters, and other critical details for precise and efficient drone operations.

flight plan view

# 10.5 Survey Planning In AeroGCS ORANGE, if the user opts for "Survey" as the Flight Type while planning your mission, you'll see the screen shown below on your device.

Survey Plan

In survey planning, it is essential to configure Camera Details, Survey Details, and Fence boundaries before applying and saving. Each section's details will be explained step by step, accompanied by actual software screen displays to guide you through the process. You can access all these configuration details for setting up your survey on the right-hand side of the user interface under the title "**SURVEY**". # 10.5.1. Camera Details:- If the user expands the Camera Details, you will see the following screen on your display.

Camera Details

In the Camera Details section, you can choose the Camera Type from the dropdown list, and there's an "**Add Camera**" option to include a new camera. Users can input values for Sensor Height, Sensor Width, Image Height, Image Width, and Focal Length (in mm) in their respective fields. **Camera**: The camera triggering behavior is influenced by the selected camera and its settings. Users can choose from an existing camera or set up a custom camera. **Selection of Camera**: Users can choose a camera from the dropdown menu, which automatically determines the image height and width based on the camera profile. **Sensor Width/Heigh**t: This represents the size of the image sensor in the camera. **Image Width/Height**: The width and height of the image are determined automatically based on the selected camera. For a custom camera, users need to enter desired values. **Focal Length**: Focal length is influenced by factors such as sensor size, distance from mirrors within the lens, and glass curvature. It determines the angle of view and magnification. A longer focal length results in a narrower field of view and higher magnification. **Custom Camera:** Choosing the custom camera option empowers the user to define settings for a new camera, mirroring the process for known cameras. Users can input values for the **Sensor Width and Height, Image Width and Height, and Focal Length** in the respective text boxes. # 10.5.2. Survey Details:- If the User selects "Survey Details," you will see the following screen on your display.

Survey details

On this screen, users can configure the front overlap value in percentage, side overlap value in percentage, turn-around distance, select the starting point from the drop-down list, set values for altitude, ground sample distance (GSD) in cm/px, speed in m/s, adjust the turn angle using a slider, enable or disable cross grid, add rally points, and import Ground Control Points (GCP) by using the CSV file import option. * **Front overlapping and Side overlapping**: The user can customize the front and side overlap values for images in the respective text boxes. The default front overlap is set to 0, and image overlapping occurs between each image. To aid in survey accuracy, a suggested configuration is provided, targeting 60% front overlap and 30% side overlap during the photo survey. * **Turn Around Distance**: The turnaround distance is the extra distance added outside the survey area for the drone to turn around. Users can specify the turnaround distance by entering the desired value in the provided text box. The default turnaround distance is set to 0. * **Starting Point**: In AeroGCS ORANGE, users can configure the starting point position as follows: * **Top Left**: Set the starting point position at the top left. * **Bottom Left**: Set the starting point position at the bottom left. * **Top Right**: Set the starting point position at the top right. * **Bottom Right**: Set the starting point position at the bottom right. This feature helps adjust the starting position, especially when optimizing the location of a previously landed drone to conserve battery. * **Altitude**: Users have the flexibility to modify the altitude of the survey mission plan. * **Ground Sampling Distance / Ground Resolution (GSD)**: Ground Sampling Distance (GSD) is the measure of the distance between two adjacent pixel centers on the ground, determining the resolution of images. Lower GSD values contribute to enhanced accuracy in image details. * **Speed**: The "Speed" parameter in the AeroGCS ORANGE Survey Plan determines the velocity at which the drone or VTOL aircraft will travel during the survey mission. This setting influences the efficiency and duration of the survey, allowing users to optimize their flight plans based on desired speeds. * **Turn Angle**: In AeroGCS ORANGE, users can adjust the angle of the polylines in the survey plan. Altering the turn angle will impact the parameters shown in survey statistics, and the specific angle change is displayed on the right side of the turn angle bar. Users can observe these modifications in the survey plan as they make adjustments. * **Cross Grid**: Enabling this option in AeroGCS ORANGE provides extended land coverage in the survey plan. While the time required to complete the plan increases compared to a normal survey, it effectively covers almost the entire land. This option results in an increase in survey distance, survey time, and image count. * **Add Rally Point**: Enabling this option allows users to incorporate rally points into the survey plan, enhancing safety and flexibility during drone missions. The violet-colored points in the image represent rally points, providing an additional safety measure for secure and smooth drone landings. In emergencies, these rally points enable the drone to land safely at the nearest designated point rather than returning to the home location. * **GCP File import**: users can import GCPS to the plan by importing the.csv file containing lat longs to add GCP points in the survey plan. # 10.5.3. Survey Statistics If the user chooses "Survey Statistics," the following screen will be displayed on your device.

Survey Statistics

On this screen, the user will see the area of the plan in square meters, the estimated time required for the flight, the image count of images to be captured during the flight, and the survey distance in meters. All these values will be automatically calculated. * **Survey Area**: This option in AeroGCS ORANGE displays the estimated area covered by the survey plan in square meters. The area adjusts dynamically with changes in the boundary points, allowing users to manually stretch or shrink the points to meet specific requirements. * **Survey Distance**: AeroGCS ORANGE calculates and displays the total distance the drone will travel on the survey plan. This distance is influenced by the stretching or shrinking of boundary points and increases when the cross-grid option is enabled. * **Survey** **Time**: AeroGCS ORANGE estimates the time required to complete the survey, which is displayed in this option. The survey time depends on whether the cross-grid settings are enabled. * **Image Count**: The "Image Count" represents the number of images to be captured by the camera. In AeroGCS ORANGE, the camera selection determines the image count, and it increases with a larger area covered by the survey plan. # 10.5.4. Fence Boundary If the user chooses " Fence Boundary," the following screen will be displayed on your device.

fence boundary

On this screen, the user will be able to increase or decrease the fence boundary of the survey plan with the help of a slider or the "+" and "-" buttons. The fence boundary is drawn in green color in a square shape around the survey plan. Users can adjust the survey plan area by dragging the red-colored fence waypoints with the number displayed on the inner fence boundary, which is highlighted in yellow. As shown in the following screen.

adjust fence boundary

Users can add new fence boundary waypoints on the inner fence boundary by clicking on the red-colored points without numbers. After completing the modification and setting values to parameters in all the above-mentioned sections, the user must click the "**Apply**" button to apply the new values to the plan. The updated survey plan will be displayed on the user's device screen, as shown in the following screen.

updated survey plan

After applying the new settings to a survey plan, the user must save it by clicking the "Save" button. This will prompt the user to save by entering the project name and plan name, as shown in the following screen.

survey plan save

Click on the "**Save**" button after entering the project name and plan name. This will save the survey plan in the project and ask the user, "Plan is saved, do you want to upload plan to the device?" as shown in the following screen.

Survey Plan Save

Click on "Yes" if the user wants to upload the plan to the device. It will upload the plan to the device and will ask the user, "Flight plan uploaded, proceeding for flight" as shown in the following screen. {% hint style="info" %} Note: At this stage, if the drone/vehicle is not connected to AeroGCS ORANGE, the system will prompt you to establish a connection. Follow the on-screen instructions to connect with the device/drone. For more details, please refer to the "Connecting a Drone" section in this manual. After connecting the drone, navigate to the project menu by clicking on the and selecting the desired project and plan. The saved plan view will be displayed. Click on the "Upload" button to transfer the plan to the device/drone and proceed with the mission. {% endhint %}

survey flight plan uploaded

After clicking the "OK" button, it will proceed with the flight, and the following fly view will be displayed on your screen.

Survey Fly View

Now, the user is ready to fly the vehicle/drone by pressing the "Fly" button. # 10.6 Waypoint Planning In AeroGCS ORANGE, if the user opts for "Waypoint Planning" as the Flight Type while planning your mission, you'll see the screen shown below on your device.

Waypoint Planning

On this waypoint planning screen, users can add waypoints and configure them according to their flight plan. To add waypoints, users can click on a location on the map or use the "+" button on the "Waypoint" widget on the right side of the screen. After adding waypoints, the screen will look as follows.

Waypoint Added

After adding all waypoints for a plan, users can configure each waypoint using the "Waypoint Details" option. Additionally, they can enable and draw a fence for the waypoint plan. # 10.6.1. Waypoint Details If you select "Waypoint Details," the user will see the following screen.

Waypoint Detaisl

After configuring a waypoint in the Waypoint Details section, where latitude and longitude are already set, the user can define vehicle parameters such as altitude in meters, and speed in meters per second. The total area will be calculated and displayed under Total distance in meters. Users can select camera actions from the drop-down menu, enable the gimbal, and set values for pitch, roll, and yaw. Additionally, users can set the vehicle hold duration in seconds. After adjusting these settings, the user will see the following screen on their device.

Waypoint Details

Click on the "**Apply**" button to apply the configured settings to a waypoint. * **Latitude and Longitude**: The current waypoints' latitude and longitude are displayed for user reference. * **Altitude and Speed**: Users can set altitude and speed individually for each waypoint based on their specific requirements. * **Total Distance**: Total Distance: Users will be able to view the total distance covered in the waypoint plan. * **Camera Action**: To capture photos in AeroGCS ORANGE, users should select "Camera Action" as the camera trigger. Additionally, users can configure Gimbal actions and Hold. * **Gimbal**: Enable it and adjust pitch, roll, and yaw settings. The default value is set to 0; if the user doesn't want to change it, leave it as 0. * **Hold**: Enable it to hover the vehicle at waypoint. The "Hold" function allows the vehicle to hover at a specific waypoint for a specified duration in seconds. {% hint style="info" %} Note: Users need to set waypoint details for each waypoint by selecting it and then make changes before applying. {% endhint %} **Delete Waypoint :** If the user wants to delete a waypoint. The user must select the waypoint first by clicking on it and then click on the “**Clear**” button. A confirmation dialog will appear on the screen, asking, "Are you sure to delete the selected waypoint?" as shown in the following screen.

Clear Waypoimt

If you click on the "**Yes**" button, the selected waypoint will be deleted. # 10.6.2. Fence boundary: Before drawing the fence, ensure that the user enables the fence by using the enable/disable button available in front of the fence boundary. After enabling it, the user can draw the fence around the waypoint plan. As the user draws the fence around the waypoint plan by clicking at the location on the map, it will be added in green color around the waypoints, as shown in the following screen.
figure 119 waypoint fence To delete a fence, the user can select a fence point and click on the "**Clear**" button. This will remove the selected fence point, allowing for easy modification of the fence boundary. After completing the waypoint details and fence boundary, the user must save the plan by clicking on the "**Save**" button. This will prompt the following screen, allowing the user to enter a project name and plan name for saving the plan.

Save Waypoint Plan

Click on the "**Save**" button after entering the project name and plan name. This will save the survey plan in the project and ask the user, "Plan is saved, do you want to upload plan to the device?" as shown in the following screen.

Waypoint Plan Upload

Click on "**Yes**" if the user wants to upload the plan to the device. It will upload the plan to the device and will ask the user, "Flight plan uploaded, proceeding for flight" as shown in the following screen. {% hint style="info" %} Note: At this stage, if the drone/vehicle is not connected to AeroGCS ORANGE, the system will prompt you to establish a connection. Follow the on-screen instructions to connect with the device/drone. For more details, please refer to the "Connecting a Drone" section in this manual. After connecting the drone, navigate to the project menu by clicking on the and selecting the desired project and plan. The saved plan view will be displayed. Click on the "Upload" button to transfer the plan to the device/drone and proceed with the mission. {% endhint %}

Waypoint Flight Proceed

After clicking the "**OK**" button, it will proceed with the flight, and the following fly view will be displayed on your screen.

Waypoint Fly View

Now, the user is ready to fly the vehicle/drone by pressing the "Fly" button. # 10.7 Read From Device In AeroGCS ORANGE, when the user chooses "**Read From Device**" as the flight type, the AeroGCS ORANGE downloads the most recent plan from the device. The plan is then displayed on the screen for any necessary modifications. After making changes, the user can save them, upload the updated plan to the device, and proceed with the flight. {% hint style="info" %} **Note**:- For Plan modification in the “Read From Device” plan refer to respective planning. {% endhint %} # 10.8 Corridor Planning In AeroGCS ORANGE, when selecting "Corridor" as the flight type during mission planning, you will encounter the following screen on your device.

Corridor Planning

In corridor planning, it is essential to configure Camera Details, Corridor Details, and Fence Boundary before applying and saving. Each section's details will be explained step by step, accompanied by actual software screen displays to guide you through the process. You can access all these configuration details for setting up your survey on the right-hand side of the user interface under the title "CORRIDOR". # 10.8.1. Camera Details: If User Selects the Camera Details, you will see the following screen on your display

Corridor Camera Details

In the Camera Details section, you can choose the Camera Type from the drop-down list, and there's an "**Add Camera**" option to include a new camera. Users can input values for Sensor Height, Sensor Width, Image Height, Image Width, and Focal Length (in mm) in their respective fields. * **Camera**: The camera triggering behavior is influenced by the selected camera and its settings. Users can choose from an existing camera or set up a custom camera. * **Selection of Camera**: Users can choose a camera from the drop-down menu, which automatically determines the image height and width based on the camera profile. * **Sensor Width**/**Height**: This represents the size of the image sensor in the camera. * **Image Width**/**Height**: The width and height of the image are determined automatically based on the selected camera. For a custom camera, users need to enter desired values. * **Focal Length**: Focal length is influenced by factors such as sensor size, distance from mirrors within the lens, and glass curvature. It determines the angle of view and magnification. A longer focal length results in a narrower field of view and higher magnification. **Custom Camera:** Choosing the custom camera option empowers the user to define settings for a new camera, mirroring the process for known cameras. Users can input values for the Sensor Width and Height, Image Width and Height, and Focal Length in the respective text boxes. # 10.8.2. Corridor Details: When the User selects "Corridor Details," you will see the following screen on your display.

Corridor Details

On this screen, users can set the front overlap value in percentage, side overlap value in percentage, altitude in meters, speed in m/s, corridor width, and turnaround distance in meters. Users can also enable or disable the addition of rally points. If enabled, users can strategically add rally points to the corridor plan. * **Front and Side Overlap**: Customize the front and side overlapping values for your images in the provided text boxes. The default front overlap is set to 0. These settings influence the overlap between each image, essential for your specific survey needs. * **Altitude**: Achieve clear and high-quality images by setting the appropriate altitude in the provided text box. This ensures optimal image capture during your survey mission. * **Speed**: Customize the flight speed by entering the desired value. This allows you to control the pace of the vehicle during the survey mission for optimal results. * **Corridor Width**: Enhance the coverage area by adjusting the corridor width. Increasing this value creates a wider corridor, resulting in more extensive passes and a thorough survey. * **Turnaround Distance**: Adjust the extra distance added outside the survey area for flight turnaround. Set the turnaround distance by entering the desired value in the provided text box. The default value is 0. * **Add Rally**: Enabling this option allows users to incorporate rally points into the survey plan, enhancing safety and flexibility during drone missions. The violet-colored points in the image represent rally points, providing an additional safety measure for secure and smooth drone landings. In emergencies, these rally points enable the drone to land safely at the nearest designated point rather than returning to the home location. # 10.8.3. Corridor Survey Statistics When the User selects "Corridor Survey Statistics," you will see the following screen on your display.

Corridor Survey Statistics

On this screen, the user will see the area of the plan in square meters, the estimated time required for the flight, the image count of images to be captured during the flight, and the survey distance in meters and GSD in cm/pixel. All these values will be automatically calculated. * **Survey Area:** This option in AeroGCS ORANGE displays the estimated area covered by the survey plan in square meters. The area adjusts dynamically with changes in the boundary points, allowing users to manually stretch or shrink the points to meet specific requirements. * **Survey Distance**: AeroGCS ORANGE calculates and displays the total distance the drone will travel on the survey plan. This distance is influenced by the stretching or shrinking of boundary points and increases when the cross-grid option is enabled. * **Survey Time**: AeroGCS ORANGE estimates the time required to complete the survey, which is displayed in this option. The survey time depends on whether the cross-grid settings are enabled. * **Image Count:** The "Image Count" represents the number of images to be captured by the camera. In AeroGCS ORANGE, the camera selection determines the image count, and it increases with a larger area covered by the survey plan. * **Ground Resolution/Ground Sampling Distance (GSD)**: Displays GSD Value in cm/pixel. GSD is the measure of the distance between two adjacent pixel centers on the ground, determining the resolution of images. Lower GSD values contribute to enhanced accuracy in image details. # 10.8.4. Fence Boundary When the User selects "Fence Boundary," you will see the following screen on your display.

Corridor Fence Boundary

On this screen, the user will be able to increase or decrease the fence boundary of the survey plan with the help of a slider or the "+" and "-" buttons. The fence boundary is drawn in green color around the corridor plan. After completing the modification and setting values to parameters in all the sections mentioned above, the user must click the "**Apply**" button to apply the new values to the plan. The updated corridor plan will be displayed on the user's device screen, as shown in the following screen.

Updated Corridor Plan

After applying the new settings to a corridor plan, the user must save it by clicking the "**Save**" button. This will prompt the user to save by entering the project name and plan name, as shown in the following screen.

Corridor Plan Save

Click on the "**Save**" button after entering the project name and plan name. This will save the corridor plan in the project and ask the user, "Plan is saved, do you want to upload plan in the device?" as shown in the following screen.

Corridor Plan Upload

Click on "**Yes**" if the user wants to upload the plan to the device. It will upload the plan to the device and will ask the user, "Flight plan uploaded, proceeding for flight" as shown in the following screen.

Proceed For Flight

After clicking the "**OK**" button, it will proceed with the flight, and the following fly view will be displayed on your screen.

Corridor Plan Fly View

Now, the user is ready to fly the vehicle/drone by pressing the "**Fly**" button. # 10.9 Vertical Planning In AeroGCS ORANGE, when selecting "Vertical" as the flight type during mission planning, you'll encounter the following screen on your device.

Vertical Plan

In vertical planning, it is essential to configure Vertical Details and Fence Boundary before applying and saving. Each section's details will be explained step by step, accompanied by actual software screen displays to guide you through the process. You can access all these configuration details for setting up your survey on the right-hand side of the user interface under the title "VERTICAL". # 10.9.1 Vertical details If you select “Vertical Details”, you will see the following screen on your display.

Vertical Details

On this screen, latitude and longitude values are displayed. Users are required to input values for speed in m/s, maximum altitude in meters, and the number of waypoints. The altitude value is automatically calculated by dividing the maximum altitude by the number of waypoints. Users can choose camera actions from the drop-down list, including options like no action or camera trigger. Enabling the gimbal is done by clicking on the gimbal option, where users can input values for pitch, roll, and yaw. Additionally, users can set the hold duration in seconds. {% hint style="info" %} Note: It's important to note that camera actions, gimbal settings, and hold duration are specific to each waypoint and can be configured independently if needed. {% endhint %} After setting the required values appropriately, the user must apply them to the plan by clicking the "**Apply**" button. Users can set the following details * **Latitude and Longitude**: The current waypoints' latitude and longitude are displayed for user reference. * **Altitude and Speed**: Users can set altitude and speed individually for each waypoint based on their specific requirements. * **Max. Altitude**: Users can set the maximum altitude for the Vertical plan by entering the desired value. * **No. Of Waypoints**: Users can decide the number of waypoints needed for the plan and set it by entering the desired value. * **Camera Action**: To capture photos in AeroGCS ORANGE, users should select "Camera Action" as the camera trigger. Additionally, users can configure Gimbal actions and Hold. * **Gimbal**: Enable it and adjust pitch, roll, and yaw settings. The default value is set to 0; if the user doesn't want to change it, leave it as 0. * **Hold**: Enable it to hover the vehicle at waypoint. The "Hold" function allows the vehicle to hover at a specific waypoint for a specified duration in seconds. # 10.9.2 Fence Boundary Before drawing the fence, ensure that the user enables the fence by using the enable/disable button available in front of the fence boundary. After enabling it, the user can draw the fence around the vertical plan. As the user draws the fence around the vertical plan by clicking at the location on the map, it will be added in green color around the vertical object, as shown in the following screen.

Vertical Plan Fence

To delete a fence, the user can select a fence point and click on the "Clear" button. This will remove the selected fence point, allowing for easy modification of the fence boundary. {% hint style="info" %} Note: To draw a fence around the Vertical plan, the user must add at least 3 fence points. {% endhint %} After completing the vertical details and fence boundary, the user must save the plan by clicking on the "Save" button. This will prompt the following screen, allowing the user to enter a project name and plan name for saving the plan.

Save Vertical Plan

Click on the "Save" button after entering the project name and plan name. This will save the vertical survey plan in the project and ask the user, "Plan is saved, do you want to upload plan in the device?" as shown in the following screen.

Vertical Plan Save

Click on "**Yes**" if the user wants to upload the plan to the device. It will upload the plan to the device and will ask the user, "Flight plan uploaded, proceeding for flight" as shown in the following screen. {% hint style="info" %} Note: At this stage, if the drone/vehicle is not connected to AeroGCS ORANGE, the system will prompt you to establish a connection. Follow the on-screen instructions to connect with the device/drone. For more details, please refer to the "Connecting a Drone" section in this manual. After connecting the drone, navigate to the project menu by clicking on the and selecting the desired project and plan. The saved plan view will be displayed. Click on the "Upload" button to transfer the plan to the device/drone and proceed with the mission. {% endhint %}

Proceed Vertical Flight

After clicking the "**OK**" button, it will proceed with the flight, and the following fly view will be displayed on your screen.

Vertical Plan Fly View

Now, the user is ready to fly the vehicle/drone by pressing the "Fly" button. # 10.10 Circular Planning In AeroGCS ORANGE, when selecting "Circular" as the flight type during mission planning, you'll encounter the following screen on your device.

Circular Survey Plan

In circular planning, it's essential to configure Circular Details and Fence Boundary before applying and saving. Each section's details will be explained step by step, accompanied by actual software screen displays to guide you through the process. You can access all these configuration details for setting up your survey on the right-hand side of the user interface under the title "CIRCULAR". # 10.10.1 Circular Details If you choose “Circular Details”, you will see the following screen on your display.

Circular Details

On this screen, users can set values for the circle radius, the first point angle, altitude, and speed. Users can add rally points by enabling the rally point option, and they can set the direction to clockwise by enabling the clockwise option. Click on the "Apply" button after setting circular details to apply the updated details to the circular plan. * **Center Latitude and Longitude**: These values will be updated automatically based on the defined radius for a circle. * **Center Radius**: The defined radius will be displayed in this window. * **First Point Angle**: The angle of the first waypoint on the circle. By default, it should be 0. * **Altitude**: Choose the appropriate altitude for capturing clear and sharp images with good quality. * **Speed**: Customize the flight speed by entering the desired value. This allows you to control the pace of the vehicle during the survey mission for optimal results. * **Add Rally**: Enabling this option allows the user to add rally points to the circular plan for enhanced safety and flexibility during the drone mission. * **Clockwise**: Enabling this option will change the direction and numbering of waypoints in the circular plan to a clockwise direction. This will draw the plan in a clockwise pattern. # 10.10.2 Circular Statistics In this section, users will see the calculated mission distance and estimated mission time based on the configured parameters. * **Mission Distance**: The total distance to be covered during the mission will be displayed in this option. * **Mission Time**: The estimated time required for the entire mission will be displayed here. The calculation considers the drone's speed and the total distance to be covered. # 10.10.3. Fence Boundary This section enables users to adjust the fence boundary distance by either sliding the slider or using the "+" and "-" buttons, as illustrated in the following screen.

Circular Fence

The fence will form a hexagonal shape around the circular plan, highlighted in green color. After completing the circular details and fence boundary, the user must save the plan by clicking on the "Save" button. This will prompt the following screen, allowing the user to enter a project name and plan name for saving the plan. The "Reset" button is used to reset the circular plan, reverting it to its default settings.

Circular Plan Save

Click on the "Save" button after entering the project name and plan name. This will save the circular survey plan in the project and ask the user, "Plan is saved, do you want to upload plan in the device?" as shown in the following screen.

Circular Plan Upload

Click on "Yes" if the user wants to upload the plan to the device. It will upload the plan to the device and will ask the user, "Flight plan uploaded, proceeding for flight" as shown in the following screen. {% hint style="info" %} **Note**: At this stage, if the drone/vehicle is not connected to AeroGCS ORANGE, the system will prompt you to establish a connection. Follow the on-screen instructions to connect with the device/drone. For more details, please refer to the "Connecting a Drone" section in this manual. After connecting the drone, navigate to the project menu by clicking on the and selecting the desired project and plan. The saved plan view will be displayed. Click on the "Upload" button to transfer the plan to the device/drone and proceed with the mission. {% endhint %}

Proceed For Circular Flight

After clicking the "**OK**" button, it will proceed with the flight, and the following fly view will be displayed on your screen.

Circular plan Fly View

Now, the user is ready to fly the vehicle/drone by pressing the "Fly" button. In conclusion, we have comprehensively covered all the details pertaining to "Mission Planning." Now, let's seamlessly transition to the next phase: "Flight View." # 10.11 Import KML Unlock the Precision of KML with AeroGCS ORANGE AeroGCS ORANGE seamlessly integrates Keyhole Markup Language (KML), empowering you to incorporate the latest geographic data into your mission planning. This XML-based format stores essential spatial information, ensuring you always have the most accurate and up-to-date insights for successful drone operations. **Access KML Across Devices, Enhance Mission Success** In a world of dynamic land use, accessing KML files on desktop devices is crucial. AeroGCS ORANGE bridges this gap, providing a unified platform for accessing and working with KML data on the devices you need, when you need them. Key Benefits of KML Integration in AeroGCS ORANGE: * **Import KML files for precise mission planning**: Effortlessly integrate KML data to define waypoints, flight paths, and areas of interest, ensuring pinpoint accuracy in your flight missions. * **Visualize geographic data on interactive maps**: Overlay KML data directly onto AeroGCS ORANGE's intuitive maps, providing a clear and comprehensive spatial understanding of your mission area. * **Access KML on desktop:** Effortlessly work with KML files across devices, ensuring flexibility and convenience in your mission planning workflows. * **Enhance situational awarenes**s: Integrate KML data to visualize key features such as boundaries, landmarks, and restricted areas, promoting safe and informed flight operations. * **Leverage the latest geographic information**: Stay updated with the most recent land-use data, ensuring accurate and efficient mission execution. By seamlessly integrating KML, AeroGCS ORANGE empowers you to unlock the full potential of geographic data, leading to more informed, precise, and successful drone missions across diverse applications. **Here are the steps to import a KML file in AeroGCS ORANGE:** 1. Navigate to the Home Screen. 2. Locate the search bar. 3. Click on the downward-pointing arrow at the end of the search bar. 4. Select the "Import KML" option from the dropdown menu.

Import kml

5\. Select "Import KML," triggering the opening of a dialog box. Here, you can search for and choose the KML file, as illustrated in the screen below.

Select kml File

After the user searches for and selects the KML file, they need to click the "Open" button in the dialog box. This action will open the KML file in AeroGCS ORANGE. Subsequently, when the user successfully opens the KML file in AeroGCS ORANGE, the screen will display the flight plan view, as depicted in the following screen.

Flight plan view of kml file

In this stage, users can modify the plan and adjust parameters as needed. They can proceed by clicking the "Save" button if no modifications are required. This action saves the plan in a new project, allowing them to proceed with the flight. # 11. Flight View When getting ready for RPA flights, head to the Fly view in AeroGCS ORANGE. This is the central hub for managing and monitoring flights, offering various conveniently accessible options. The Flight view in AeroGCS ORANGE will appear on the following screen.

Flight View

On the screen, the top left bar in green color displays the Flight view label, featuring the team member's name, followed by the project name and then the plan name. # 11.1 Flight Controls The left-hand side features user-friendly flight controls on this screen for take-off, landing, RTL (Return to Launch), pause, and resume. 1. **Take-Off** :- After clicking on Take-Off, the ARM and take-off commands are transmitted to the RPA. The RPA will perform basic Pre-flight checks and prompt the user to take off. If everything is in order, the user can initiate the flight by clicking on the Take-Off button. 2. **Land** :- The Land button facilitates the landing of the RPA. Upon clicking it, the RPA will decelerate, cease flying, and return to the designated landing point. This button is active only if a flight has already taken off. If the take-off command has not been given, the button will remain disabled. 3. **RTL (Return to home)** :- Return to Land (RTL) is used for an emergency landing at home. The device will find the shortest distance to land at home. If the rally points are added to the plan, then the device will check the minimum distance between either the home or rally point for landing. The device will select a minimum distance for a safe landing. 4. **Pause** :- The pause command instructs the RPA to pause its operation. In this state, the RPA will hover at its current location, entering a 'hovering' mode. When the pause is activated, the RPA will allow the resume action to be enabled. 5. **Resume** :- The resume command directs the RPA to resume its operation. In this state, the RPA will continue the flight from the point where it was paused. # 11.2 Status details and settings option On the top right corner of the screen, users can view live details as depicted in the following screen.

Live Details

1. **Battery Status**: Battery voltage is continuously displayed for user monitoring and action if it drops below the threshold. 2. **RC Signal**: Displays RC Signal Strength. 3. **Battery Consumption**: It displays the current in amperes and the battery consumed in milliampere-hours (mAh). 4. **Satellite**: Displays the number of connected GPS satellites along with their HDOP (Horizontal Dilution of Precision) value. 5. **Drone Status**: Displays the current status and mode of the drone. 6. **Three Dots**:- Provides access to options such as cloud sync, notifications, general settings, teams, settings, weather, connection, data verification, about, and exit. # 11.3 Flight Details Flight details are shown in the lower left corner, as illustrated in the image below:

Flight Details

Users can monitor the values of the following details: 1. **Altitude**: This will display changes in altitude in meters. 2. **Speed**: Displays the current drone speed in meters per second. 3. **Area**: Displays the total area of the plan in square meters. 4. **Distance**: Displays the distance covered or travelled by the drone. 5. **Distance to Home**: Displays the live distance of the drone from the home location. 6. **Time**: Displays the flying time taken by the drone to complete the flight plan. # 11.4 Live Camera Feed and Camera Control AeroGCS ORANGE enables users to view the live camera feed while flying using camera controls located on the flight view at the top-right corner of the screen, as illustrated in the Flight view figure. On the flight view, the camera feed and camera controls will appear as shown in the following figure.

Camera Feed and Controls

If the camera feed and camera controls are not visible on the flight, users can view them by clicking on the camera button at the top right corner of the flight view. Users can view live video on the flight view screen during the flight. The controls are as described in the following: 1. Recording :- Users can record the live video of the flight by clicking on this Recording button. Recorded videos are stored locally under the VIDEO folder. 2. Capture :- Users can capture an image during the flight by clicking on the Capture button. Captured images will be stored locally under the PHOTO folder. 3. Trigger :- Users can trigger the camera to capture an image during the flight by clicking on the Trigger Button. Captured images will be stored in the camera storage. 4. LiveStreaming :- Users can live stream the ongoing flight video to AeroGCS Enterprise. Additionally, users can track the current flight on AeroGCS Enterprise if they have an AeroGCS Enterprise account. 5. Gimbal : The user can expand gimbal-related settings by clicking on the Gimbal Button. This allows the user to control the camera gimbal either by RC or GCS using the toggle button (by default set to RC). If the user selects GCS for gimbal settings, they can set pitch and yaw with the help of the available slider controls. 6. Close : The user can close the live camera feed control by clicking on the Close button. 7. Video Screen Resize : The user can resize the video screen by clicking on the Video Screen Resize Button. When the video screen is in full-screen mode, the flight view screen will be displayed in a smaller size at the bottom left of the screen. The user can go back to the original flight view full screen by clicking this button. {% hint style="info" %} Note: The user can change the location of the Live Camera Feed control to a new location on the screen according to their convenience by selecting and dragging it to the desired position. {% endhint %} # 11.5 Plan View At the center of the flight view screen, the user will see the ongoing flight plan view, where they can observe the live tracking of the moving drone along the planned path from the drone's home location to the first waypoint and then to the end waypoint. Additionally, on the planned path, the user will notice a camera icon image at the points where actual images are captured by the camera during the flight.

Plan View

# 11.6 Arm and Disarm Navigation Bar This is a specialized feature designed for manual flight control. The navigation interface will be displayed on the screen once manual flight mode is selected. Choose "**Manual**" as the flying method from the available options, as illustrated.

Manual Flight View

1. **Arm** : Initiate the flight by using the "Arm" command. The fly-view will display a message indicating "**Arming Motors**," as shown. 2. **DisArm** : To conclude the flight safely, utilize the "Disarm" command to disarm the drone and ensure its secure landing. # 12. Flight logs (Notifications) In the Notifications section of AeroGCS ORANGE, users can conveniently access and manage logs, flight logs, and warnings. This feature comprehensively overviews the system's activities and potential issues. Follow the instructions below to make the most of this functionality # 12.1 Logs from Home Menu Access the Notifications menu in the Settings to view and download logs, flight logs, and warnings. Check the following displayed screen for details.

Notifications

To download logs, click the Downloads button. A browser dialog will prompt you to choose the folder for downloading logs, notifications, and warnings. After selecting the folder, the corresponding logs will be downloaded in JSON format. 1. **All Logs:** Within the 'All Logs' section of AeroGCS ORANGE, users can access a consolidated view of logs and warnings. This section offers a detailed and organized presentation of flight logs, providing a comprehensive record of system activities and potential issues.

All Logs

By combining Status, Date, and Time in the 'All Logs' section, AeroGCS ORANGE provides a comprehensive and user-friendly interface for tracking and understanding system activities. This structured presentation enhances the user experience, making it easier to navigate through logs and address any issues promptly. Users have the option to download the complete set of logs, by selecting the "Download" button on the screen. 2. **Flight Logs**: The 'Flight Logs' section in AeroGCS ORANGE is a dedicated space that consolidates valuable information related to in-flight operations.

Flight Log

Under "Flight Logs," comprehensive information about flight operations is presented. This includes detailed logs with associated dates and times. The downloaded files can be saved locally on the user's computer. 3. **Warnings:** Warnings related to both pre-armed and in-flight operations are visible in this section.

Warnings

Under "Warnings," all logs related to flight operations, whether pre-armed or during the flight, are presented. These logs, generated by the flight controller hardware, are crucial for ensuring the proper functioning of the RPA. They provide insights into potential issues and areas for improvement. Users can download these logs in .json format for detailed analysis and decision-making. Examining pre-armed check warnings and in-flight operation warnings helps enhance the overall performance and safety of the device. Having easy access to these logs streamlines the process of making corrections and improvements, minimizing the risk of misbehaviour and potential damage during flight. # 12.2 From Selected Plan AeroGCS ORANGE offers the capability to view logs specific to a plan within a project, facilitating easy review and analysis of the flight. To view the logs specific to a plan in the project, users can access the "View Log" option available on the plan screen by clicking on the three dots. This will display a pop-up menu, as shown in the following screen. Users can select the "View Log" option to access and review the logs for the plan.

View Log Option For a plan

After selecting the "View Log" option from the menu, users will be directed to the Total Flight Log screen, where logs for the selected plan are listed separately for each flight conducted using the plan. As shown in the following screen.

Total Flight For a Plan

On this screen, users will find information about the total number of flights taken using the plan, including details such as start time, end time, and the drone name used for each flight. The screen also provides a "Download" option for users to download the logs for a specific flight. Upon selecting the "Download" option, the user will be prompted to choose a folder to save the logs. Two files, flight data, and teledata, associated with the particular flight ID will be downloaded in Excel format. The flight ID is included in the filename of the logs. To get an overview of the logs for a specific flight, users can click on the respective flight log row. This action will display a detailed overview of the logs for that particular flight of the plan, as shown in the following screen.

Overview of Logs For a Plan

In this comprehensive feature, users can delve into the detailed logs of a specific flight presented in graphical form. The interface provides a wealth of information, including the flight's plan name, project name, start time, end time, date, flight ID, duration, average altitude, and average speed. Users can further explore data related to altitude, speed, battery usage, and various logs associated with the flight. The "View Details" option offers an in-depth look into the flight's specifics, showcasing critical aspects such as roll, pitch, yaw, and other relevant information. These parameters, also known as axes of rotation, play a pivotal role in controlling the drone's movement and direction during flight. * **Pitch**, associated with the lateral or transverse axis, influences the rise or fall of the drone's front end. It aids in managing ascent and descent maneuvers. * **Roll**, linked to the longitudinal axis, determines the vehicle's rotation from front to back. During turns, the drone "banks" left or right, with positive roll angles lifting one wing while lowering the other. * **Yaw**, the rotation around the vertical axis, alters the aircraft's direction. It induces a side-to-side nose movement, with a positive yaw shifting the nose to the right. Yaw adjustments are crucial for altering the aircraft's pointing direction and are controlled by the rudder. This feature not only offers a visual representation of flight parameters but also allows users to scrutinize specific details and metrics crucial for understanding and optimizing drone operations. To access a more detailed breakdown of the flight, click on "View Details." This option provides a comprehensive, time-wise report detailing various parameters, offering an in-depth insight into the flight's dynamics. The displayed image illustrates the richness of information available through this feature.

Details Flight Log For a Plan

These logs provide users with graphical and statistical data detailing aspects such as time, altitude, speed, battery status, and more for completed flights. They reveal changes in the device's pitch, roll, yaw, and altitude values, allowing users to analyze the device's behavior. The presented data aids in a thorough examination of the completed flight, highlighting GPS glitches and alterations in vehicle speed. Users can leverage this information to enhance device performance. These logs remain accessible post-simulation, simplifying the analysis of device performance with specific values. With adjustments to parameters, users can achieve improved and desirable outcomes without compromising the device's integrity. # 13. Data Verification Tool To access AeroGCS ORANGE's built-in data verification tool, simply click on "Data Verification" in the home menu. This action will bring up the Data Verification Tool screen on your display, as illustrated in the following screen.

Data Verification Tool

Users can use the tools on this screen to validate their data efficiently. {% hint style="info" %} **Note:-** To use the data verification tool in AeroGCS ORANGE, ensure the user has a valid user account and an active subscription to AeroGCS-Enterprise. If the user hasn't subscribed yet, they can do so at . {% endhint %} The user must synchronize all projects with AeroGCS Enterprise to utilize the data verification tool. Following synchronization, the user should initiate the data verification process by clicking the "Browse" button to select the image set. As shown in the following screen.

Browse Image Set

As seen on the screen, the user browsed the "Plan1survey" and selected it for Geo Tagging. To commence the data verification process, ensure all images are geotagged. If the image set for data verification is already geotagged, the user can proceed with the "GCP" option. Otherwise, the user must geotag the images first using the "Geo Tagging" option from the screen. # 13.1 Geo Tagging The user can geotag the images using the "Geo Tagging" option from the Data Verification screen. The screen displayed on the user's interface will appear as shown in the following figure.

Geotagging

On this screen, the user will see the selected image folder for geotagging. AeroGCS ORANGE will create a new folder with the name "geotagged" to store the output, i.e., the geotagged images. On this screen, the user has the option to select the input image folder using the "Select" button and set the output image folder to store geotagged images. The user needs to select the project from the drop-down menu and choose the plan from the selected project, whose image set the user has selected for geotagging. This will display the total number of waypoints and the total number of images from the project. It's crucial to ensure that the total number of waypoints and images matches before initiating the geotagging process by clicking the "Start" button. {% hint style="warning" %} If the total number of waypoints and the total number of images are not equal, the geotagging process will not start. A message will be displayed, indicating that waypoints and image numbers are not equal, preventing the geotagging process from proceeding. {% endhint %} After clicking the "Start" button, the geotagging process will commence, and the progress will be displayed on the screen, as shown in the following image.

Geotagging Process

During the geotagging process, geotag logs are generated and stored in a log file. The name and path of the log file are displayed below the progress bar as images are geotagged. After completing the geotagging process, the user will see the Geotagging Complete screen, as illustrated in the following image.

Geotagging Complete

Once the "Completed" button is clicked, the geotagging process for the images is completed. # 13.2 GCP (Ground Control Point) The user can identify and view the marked images within GCP by selecting the "GCP" option from the Data verification screen. Before starting the process of identifying the images to GCP, the user needs to select the geotagged image folder by browsing it on the Data verification screen, as shown in the following screen.

Select Geotagged Images

Once the user clicks on the "GCP" button, they will see the geotagged images on the screen, as shown in the following screen.

GCP View

On this screen, there is an option to download a template for a CSV file by clicking on the "Download CSV Template" button, allowing the user to generate a CSV file accordingly. The user needs to import a CSV file containing the latitude and longitudes of the GCP by clicking the "Import CSV" button. The Import CSV screen will be displayed as shown in the following screen.

Import csv

On this screen, the user clicks on the "Browse" button to select the CSV file containing the latitude and longitude coordinates of the GCP for the uploaded geotagged image set. If required, the user must change the EPSG number for the selected geographical area of the plan. Afterward, click on the “Import” button to import the CSV file. This action will mark the GCP area in a circle and the images within the GCP in red color, as shown in the following screen.

Marked GCP

On this screen, the user will see the number of total predicted GCPs and the number of Marked GCPs. To view images from GCP, clicking on the red point within the circle will display the image view with image details, as shown in the following screen.

GCP image View

# 13.3 Upload Data The user can upload the data to AeroGCS Enterprise by using the "Upload Data" option from the data verification screen. This feature enables the user to transfer the image set to AeroGCS Enterprise. Before starting the process of uploading data, the user needs to select the image folder by browsing it on the Data verification screen. The following screen will display when the user clicks the "Upload" button.

Upload data

On this screen, the user must select the project from the available projects in the drop-down list. This action updates the plan name drop-down list on the screen, allowing the user to choose from the available plans within the selected project. Afterward, the user should provide a name for the image set in the "Image Set Name" field. Upon uploading to AeroGCS Enterprise, a new image set will be created with the specified name. The "Image Folder Path" field displays the path of the selected folder containing images to be uploaded, which the user can browse and select on the data verification screen. After verifying and confirming the details, click the "Upload" button to initiate the process of uploading the image set to AeroGCS Enterprise. As shown in the following screen.

Image set Upload

The above screen displays the progress of uploading images to the user's AeroGCS Enterprise account. It indicates the total number of images to upload, the number of uploaded images, and the percentage of uploaded images relative to the total number of images. After the successful completion of uploading all the images to AeroGCS Enterprise, the user will see the following screen.

Upload Complete

On successful completion of uploading all the images, the user will see 100% completion, and the total number of images and uploaded image count will be the same. To view the uploaded image set, the user can log into AeroGCS Enterprise, select the project, then the plan, and under the plan, the user will find the newly uploaded image set. This concludes the process of image upload. # 13.4 Image settings In AeroGCS ORANGE, users can configure settings for image verification, including blur threshold, contrast threshold, brightness threshold, and quality threshold. These settings are accessible by clicking on the settings icon , and the user will be directed to the following screen.

Image Verification Settings

While on the image verification settings screen in AeroGCS ORANGE, users can fine-tune the blur threshold, contrast threshold, brightness threshold, and quality thresholds using the provided sliders. Additionally, users have the option to download a report in .csv format. After initiating the download, a dialog box will confirm that the report has been successfully downloaded to a specific location on the local machine, as illustrated in the following screen.

Download Report

The downloaded report from AeroGCS ORANGE includes details on camera images, geotags, and overlap. This information is provided for user analysis based on the user's needs and requirements. In AeroGCS ORANGE, users can customize image verification settings, adjusting blur, contrast, brightness thresholds, and quality thresholds. They can also download a report for further analysis. # 13.4 Image Verification In this Image verification feature, the system checks for blurriness, contrast, and brightness of each image within the provided image set folder. To initiate image verification, the user must select the image folder by browsing it on the "Data Verification" screen. After selecting the folder, the user clicks on the "Image Verification" button. This action initiates the image verification process for the images within the specified folder and displays the following screen to the user.

Image Verification Progress

Upon completion of the image verification process, the user will be presented with image details, as shown in the following screen.

Image Details

On this screen, the user will observe the number of blurred images, images with contrast issues, and overly bright images. Each category is accompanied by a "View" button, allowing the user to inspect the image in detail. Clicking on the "View" button will display the image view along with additional details, as demonstrated in the following screen.

Image View

On the image view screen, the user can fine-tune the blurriness, contrast, and brightness values using the available sliders. After adjusting the values to the desired settings, the user can click the "Fix" button to apply the changes to the current image. If the user wishes to apply the same settings to all images in the set, they can click the "Apply to All" button. The details for the selected image are also visible on the right side of the screen. Users can navigate through the image set using the next and previous buttons on the image strip at the bottom of the image view. Clicking the "OK" button will conclude the image verification process. # 13.5 Missing and Overlap In AeroGCS Orange, users can examine missing and overlapping images in a captured image set during a flight. To perform this task, the user needs to select an image folder containing geotagged images and click on the "Missing and Overlap" button. The user will see the following screen.

Missing And Overlap

On this screen, users can identify gaps between images, indicating areas where images are missing or not captured during the flight. On the right side of the screen, users will find a widget displaying image footprints and overlaps. The widget provides information on the total number of images. Users can select the correct camera type from the dropdown list to ensure accurate data. Additionally, users can choose a custom camera and set parameters such as height sensor, width sensor, focal length, and drone altitude. To check overlap, users must select the "Check Overlap" checkbox, which will display the following screen.

Check Overlap

On this screen, users will observe front overlap and side overlap percentages. There is an option to enable the footprint, and a "Calculate" button allows users to compute it. Once the user selects or enables the footprint and clicks on the "Calculate" button, the tool will determine the footprint and display the final output on the user's screen, as shown in the following screen.

Overlap Footprint

In conclusion, AeroGCS Orange empowers users to analyze missing and overlapping images in a captured set, providing valuable insights into flight coverage. This feature enhances users' ability to assess data completeness and plan future flights for comprehensive data collection. {% hint style="info" %} **Note**:- For the missing and overlapping section in the Data Verification Tool, the user must ensure that they select a geotagged image set for accurate and effective analysis. {% endhint %} # 13.6 Image Quality AeroGCS Orange allows users to assess the quality of images captured during a flight. To enhance and correct image quality, users can apply customized settings based on their preferences. The settings for image quality adjustment are done in section 13.4, Image Settings. To initiate the image quality check, users need to select the image set folder from the Data Verification screen and then click on the "Image Quality" button.

Image Quality Check

Users will observe the progress of the image quality check, as depicted in the screen above. Upon completion of the image quality check, users will see the following screen.

Image Quality Details

On this screen, users will find the image quality index, a view button, and a settings button. Users can review the image quality settings by clicking on the settings button, if necessary, as they have already configured these settings in the image setting section explained in section “Image Settings”. Users can view the images by clicking on the view button, and the view will be displayed as shown in the following screen.

Image Quality View

On this screen, users will review quality-checked images one at a time, with details displayed on the right side. If an image does not meet the quality standards, the user can reject it by clicking the "Reject" button, removing it from the image set. After completing the review, the user can close the image view by clicking the close button (cross sign) and return to the image view. As shown in the following screen

Updated Image Details

On this screen, the user will observe an updated image quality index, reflecting the removal of rejected images from the total count. To conclude the image quality check, the user can click on the "OK" button. The Data Verification Tool in AeroGCS Orange provides a comprehensive set of features, allowing users to ensure the accuracy and quality of their image data. From geotagging and GCP identification to image quality checks, this tool streamlines the verification process, ensuring reliable and precise results for the user. # 14. Teams In AeroGCS ORANGE, accessing the Teams option from settings will reveal a screen displaying team members, as illustrated below.

Teams

Choose a user from the list on the screen and select "OK" to synchronize the project linked with the chosen user. Before syncing, a confirmation prompt will appear, as depicted on the displayed screen.

Sync Project

After clicking the OK button, all projects associated with that user will be synchronized. # 15. VTOL Support AeroGCS ORANGE supports the VTOL device for a flight. VTOL, or Vertical Take-Off and Landing, represents a fusion of fixed-wing and MultiCopter aircraft, offering both advantages. Ideal for efficient surveying of larger areas with optimal battery use, VTOL combines the endurance and speed of fixed-wing design with the versatility of multi-rotor UAVs. Despite the benefits, fixed-wing drones like VTOL face challenges in landing compared to other drone types. # 15.1 Survey Plan For VTOL To use VTOL in AeroGCS ORANGE follow the steps to create a project and select the vehicle type as “VTOL” and select “Survey” as a flight type. After this user will see the following screen

Survey Using VTOL

On this screen, users will find the survey plan displayed on the map alongside the VTOL widget, which includes Camera Details, Survey Details, Survey Statistics, and Fence Boundary. Additionally, there are two buttons, "Apply" and "Save," allowing users to expand each section within the VTOL widget for parameter settings tailored to their plan and preferences. # 15.1.1 Camera Details If the user expands the Camera Details, you will see the following screen on your display.

Camera Details

On this screen, users can choose a camera from the available options or add a new camera by selecting the "Add Camera" option. If a camera type is selected from the dropdown list, AeroGCS ORANGE will automatically set sensor width, height, image width, height, and focal length based on the camera profile. Alternatively, if the user chooses to "Add Camera," they must manually input values for sensor width, height, image width, height, and focal length. * **Selection of Camera**: The user can select the camera from the dropdown menu. The selection of the camera will decide the image height and width automatically. * **Sensor height and width**: The size of the image sensor of the camera. * **Image height and width**: The selection of a camera decides the width and height of an image automatically. The user has to enter the desired values of image width and height for the custom camera only. * **Focal length**: Focal length is determined by a combination of sensor size, effective distance from mirrors within the lens, and glass curvature. The focal length of a lens determines the angle of view—how much of the scene is captured—as well as the magnification—how large individual elements are. A narrower field of view and a higher magnification result from a longer focal length. --- [Next Page](/llms-full.txt/1)